2023 Bahamas - Nov 19th: Conch Inn Marina to Baker's Bay, Great Guana Cay

 

 Being jet-lagged and worn out from the red-eye flight, we woke up at the late hour of  7:00am. I made some coffee and ate a bagel, and then ran around preparing to go to the boat briefing when Rosie, the base manager came along and told us that the chart briefing wasn't until 8:30am. Unlike other companies where the briefer would just sit down with you and figure out what you like and how to customize an itinerary just for you, Navigare had a standard briefing complete with slides. While waiting for the briefing, I discovered that we didn't have a paddleboard and arranged to pay for one.  We had asked for one previously but turned out that they had no records and it turned out that our yacht broker didn't actually convey our request nor had we paid for it. I paid for the paddleboard and it turned out that $200 got me an inflatable paddleboard in a neat compact package that we stowed away easily.

At the briefing proper, Rosie didn't seem to know a lot about snorkeling and dive sites. She seemed to care a lot about which beaches to go to, how to enter harbors (which later turned out to be well justified), and which towns to visit. We kept telling her that we wanted away from noisy anchorages and mosquitoes, and she said: "You're asking too much!" We were given tips on feeding the pigs on Noname Cay, how to buy squid to feed the mantas on Nunjack Cay (which immediately was followed by instructions on where to store the squid so it wouldn't stink up the boat --- which led to me deciding that was way too much work to bother with). We were given boundaries --- the idea was that they could provide service/rescue within those boundaries, which were big enough to explore for about a week. I asked about visiting the Exumas and was told that it was 2 days of sailing each way, which was too far. Interestingly enough, the Bahamas was far North enough, and close enough to the Atlantic ocean that there were tides! This mattered for a few things: first, while anchoring you had to do the math to add up to 3 feet more to the depth in order to calculate scope. Secondarily, there were harbors where you needed at least half tide to traverse the entrace (the Katja had 4' 1" draft, which was much shallower than most monohulls, but the entrance to Little Harbor, for instance, was 3' 6" at mean low water!). This would also turn out to be a limiting factor for dinghy exploration as well!

There was also the crossing from Great Guana Cay/Whale Cay/Noname Cay. There was a treacherous patch between them that could be avoided by crossing on the Atlantic side, but that would subject the crew to rough water, and we should do it under relatively calm conditions. There was also the possibility of getting stuck there if weather/conditions worsened and we had to return the boat, so we should do it early.

After the chart briefing came the boat briefing. We were told unusually enough that we didn't have to check the engine oil every day. "Our engines are serviced every 200 hours!" the technician said proudly. We were taught how to operate the watermaker, the anchors, the sails and the power panel.Interestingly, there was no checklist, and the signoff was all electronic. The generator had to be run 3 hours a day to fill the watermaker, and it was enough to recharge the batteries if we didn't run the engines at all.

After the boat briefing we were ready to go, and set off at 11:00am. We got out of the habor, and set sail immediately for Fowl Cay, where there was promise of good snorkeling. But on the way there, Arturo spied at the island through binoculars and said that it looked too rough for any feasible snorkeling. We changed direction to Spoil Cay, where we could at least get a swim in and there were sea shells to be found --- Spoil Cay was off the dredged channel for use with the cruise ships back when Great Guano Cay was a cruise ship destination (before Dorian destroyed all the cruise ship facilities)

We anchor'd off Spoil Cay and snorkeled ashore, where indeed, beautiful shells could be found, but there was actually nothing to see in the water. After that, it was pretty late, and we motor'd across the channel, where we anchored in about 8' of water for the night. I did my first dive check of the trip and was satisfied. Arturo set up the grill and grilled hamburgers for dinner while we got used to the boat systems, water generation, and diving for the anchor for an anchor check. After dinner there was the customary star gazing, though we noted that the moon was waxing and our opportunities would decrease over the course of the trip.

I slept for about 10 hours, having not fully recovered from jet lag from the sleep the night before.

Review: The Order War

The Order War is the fourth book in the Recluce series, and this time, the protagonist is Justen, who played a minor role in Lerris's story in The Magic of Recluce. Following Dorrin in The Magic Engineer, Justen turns out to be at least as good an engineer, developing not only a steam-engine driven automobile, but also a hot air balloon with which to attack a city using lenses to focus sunlight.

Unlike the other characters who've served as protagonists in previous novels in the series, Justen is a gray wizard, probably the only gray wizard in the entire series, and so isn't subject to some of the restrictions the other characters were. He's also the first to fall into the typical Campellian arc of a hero, first refusing the call to action before being ordered to do so.

We get to see more of the world of Recluce, meeting the druids for the first time, and getting a bit more about the balance between the forces of Order and Chaos in the books. Unlike the other books, there's much less reference to Dorrin's textbook in this novel, despite Justen being the one telling Lerris to read it in the first book in the series. I find it puzzling.

The characters are less compelling than in previous books in the series. For one, the relationship between Justen and his brother doesn't feel as real, and second, there doesn't seem to be any purpose in Justen returning to Recluce in order to build his engine other than to further the plot. Nevertheless, it's a fun read and reads much faster than the page count would have you believe. Recommended.

Review: Marvel's Midnight Suns

Marvel's Midnight Suns is Firaxis' turn based card game set in the Marvel Universe. I usually enjoy Firaxis's strategy games, and when there was a steam 3 day trial I tried it and liked it, but not enough to pay list price ($40) for it. I figured I'd pick it up for $20 or so in relatively short order but the price never dropped that low. I noticed that the local library had the PS5 version on its shelves and put a hold on it. The game was long enough that I would play a bit, save, return it to the library after the 3 week loan period, place another hold on it, and then play it again. It would take 3 such periods to finish the game.

Unlike in XCOM or XCOM 2, movement doesn't matter very much. Or rather, you get one move per turn, but during your turn various attacks made by playing cards move the various characters as well, so you have to take that into account while making your plays and moves. You have 3 card plays per turn, and unlike XCOM, those attacks never miss and the damage that you achieve is always squarely provided on the card itself so you don't have to guess. Attacks can also have additional properties (some attacks require heroism to power, while others may grant you an additional card play if you knock out an opponent, while others may cause stun or cause the subject of the attack to be knocked back), and attacks that knock back an opponent into another object may trigger environmental effects. Overall, the game play is fun and since each character introduced into the game has different cards and different play styles each mission is unique and fresh.

The in-between mission/strategy part of the game, however, is annoying. You run around talking to various characters in order to increase friendship level between characters. There are also puzzles to unlock and chests to open, all of which grant you in game currency that you can use to upgrade each character's card decks, or single-use utility items. There's a research tree that's not well constructed, and various side stories. There are also combat side-quests where you can power up your character or unlock more puzzles and side-quests. This bit of the game outstays its welcome in short order, and I found myself short-cutting things by searching for the best gifts to give each character so I could get these side-quests over with.

The story is not bad, and of course, the Avengers characters are fun to play, as is Wolverine, Spider-Man, and the Midnight Suns characters are also fun to play though not well known. Much of the dialogue and voice acting is horrid, but I could overlook that.

I don't usually play a game to completion, having too little free time and too much to do, so for me to even finish a game is rare, which places this into the recommended category.

2023 Bahamas: Nov 18th Prologue

 The thing with planning a trip a year ahead is that by the time you have to execute it you forgot how you ended up booking a place like Marsh Harbor. I think we had 2 boats available, one in Nassau, and one in Marsh Harbor, and Marsh Harbor wasn't just cheaper, but it was a place Arturo hadn't been to before. Prior to the flight, United changed our flights a few times, to the point where while we were supposed to all arrive together at 1:15pm when we booked the flights, we ended up being separated from the rest of the group and being supposed to arrive at 4:15pm. Even that was in question as our plane was delayed in Fort Lauderdale, and the pilot told everyone to hurry up and sit down as he wanted to arrive at Marsh Harbor before 6:00pm when the airport closed!

Nevertheless, we landed at 6:15pm and the airport stayed open for us. We zipped through customs and immigration far more easily than in most other countries I've been to, and it wasn't more than 15 minutes to get our luggage, get into a taxi, and head over to Conch Inn Marina, where we were told that the boat we had booked, Belight, had had generator problems, and we had been given a new boat instead, Katja. The new boat had a watermaker, which was a nice upgrade --- we were planning to have 9 people on the boat, and without a watermaker we'd be putting in at port every couple of days to refill the tank. The generator let us trade diesel for water, which wasn't a bad thing. What was strange was that the Katja flushed freshwater in the toilets --- the reasoning being that salt water would gum up the pipes eventually. Clearly once you have a water maker on the boat you're expected to use it. As it was, we would end the trip using up 42 gallons of diesel, running the generator for 3 hours a night to make enough water for all of us to shower.

Having arrived late, the rest of the crew had thankfully already provisioned the boat, walking to the supermarket 20 minutes away and then hiring a taxi to cart everything back. One thing that we had neglected to do was bring coffee beans and a grinder! I'd brought the aeropress though, so Arturo had bought pre-ground coffee. There was a list of additional items to buy for the next morning, but it wasn't very big, and the folks who weren't involved in sailing the boat proper could do it.

Along with my family and Arturo, Niniane was joining us for the third time, and both Mark and Arturo had their sisters along! We had dinner at Colors, which had good but expensive food served in a casual environment. I noted that because the wind was so strong there were no mosquitoes!

What I would also discover the next morning was that the boat also had a broken gas alarm that kept going off if you ran the stove. Fortunately, Navigare's technicians were competent and fixed it before we left. We were told that the previous charter had removed the fuse to eliminate the annoying noise!

Reread: The Magic Engineer

 The Magic Engineer is the third book in the Recluce series, and now several foreshadowings that were in the first book finally come to be revealed. For instance, in the first book, Lerris leaves home with a black staff. Well, the lead character in this novel, Dorrin, is the person who first invents and designs them. Similarly, much is made of the book, The Basis of Order, which Lerris reads and finds confusing, and again, Dorrin is the person who wrote it. Similarly, there's a mention of steam-driven boats in the first book, and the engineer who invents it is also the protagonist.

As with Lerris, Dorrin is thrown out of Recluce for even thinking about building machines (you'd think the rulers of the island might reconsider throwing out people who think different), and he, along with other exiles, leave home and traverse a war-filled continent. While his companions could expect to return, Dorrin is given instructions not to come home until he knows who he is.

He becomes a smith, then an apprentice healer, and eventually does finally build his machines. The engineering part is of course complete fantasy. Other than the steam engine, nothing Dorrin builds ever seems to need testing --- it almost always works the first time. (Granted, he does spend a bunch of time at the middle parts building models and drawing) And then he builds those weapons of war, but insists on being the person to set them off or install the mines. One would think that an engineer is too valuable to spend in the field when he could be continually churning out new weapons.

We get a bit more insight into the way Recluce magic works --- the order bound folks who can infuse their devices/weapons/fabrications with order literally can't observe the destruction created or they pay for it with physical symptoms up to and including blindness. Dorrin gets the bright idea to write it down in a book, and we finally understand why its so obtuse --- he never actually fought a Chaos wizard with magic, prefering to build rockets and fire them.

The book's an enjoyable read, and now I'm good and hooked and have the rest of the series handy and will keep going.

Reread: The Towers of Sunset

 The Towers of Sunset is the second book in the Recluce series. Unusual for a fantasy series, Modesitt doesn't tell his epic saga in chronological order or in many cases even tell the stories of the same character. This is nice --- each book is its own self-contained story and you don't have to read every book in the series, but if you do read the whole series the setting becomes richer.

In this case, the book details the founding of Recluce, which is referred to in the first book, with just one or two characters mentioned. The book starts with Creslin, who's a consort in a matriarchal society where men are only good for marrying off to seal political alliances. He doesn't like this pre-arranged fate so escapes while he's being carted off to be married off.

It turns out that he was being groomed for much more than being a consort, but that he's a weather wizard, in fact, one of the best of all time. He tries to escape his fate but eventually (because of a soul link) is tied to the woman he's supposed to marry as well, and they fight bitterly before getting together to found the island nation.

I enjoyed the book though I found the political business tied up at the end all too neatly. There's also a scene where a bomb is used on an empire but I again found it a little too pat. One bomb (even one that wipes out the royal family) shouldn't shut a whole nation down, especially if it's army is as top-notch as it's touted to be.

Nevertheless, it's well written, transparent, and the characters feel real.

Long Term Review: Kindle Scribe

 After I showed my kids the kindle scribe, they fought over drawing on it multiple times. So when there was another sale, I traded in their small kindles for more kindle scribes. What a difference a larger screen makes. They went from not ever reading on the Kindle to reading in bed, reading at night, and even writing notes to each other on the scribe. I find myself using it in preference to my smaller kindles except when traveling, backpacking, and even then I always miss not having it with me. I'm astonished at how much I use the darn thing.

Boen read the first Walking Dead Compendium and watched an episode of the show and declared that the book was better! The realization that you can read the book way faster than watching a show is the day a kid becomes an enthusiastic reader. If your kids didn't like the small kindle, try upgrading them to the big one. It made a big difference to mine.

Reread: The Magic of Recluce

 I remember liking The Magic of Recluce alot, but never read the series past 3 books or so. So when Humble Bundle was selling the entire series for $18, I picked it up and downloaded it to my Kindle. L. E. Modesitt has a under-stated style that's transparent and easy to read.

This first book in the series is a coming of age story, but rather than a call to adventure, Lerris is exiled from his home island kingdom of Recluce for being bored with everything he's being taught to do. It turns out that he's the scion of powerful wizards, and the fact of his exile at a very young age was to show that even the rulers of Recluce live by the rules.

The world of Recluce's magic is based on order vs chaos, and as Lerris discovers which side of the fence he's on, he also gets the world explained to him. I enjoyed his self-discovery and by the end of the book Lerris is no longer bored. 

Recommended. You knew that --- I wouldn't have spent good money instead of checking it out from the library otherwise.

2024 Book Reviews Index

2024 Books of the Year were chosen! 

Fiction

• Practical Magic
• Trigger Warning
• Starter Villain
• The Magic of Recluce
• The Towers of Sunset
• The Magic Engineer
• The Order War
• The Death of Chaos
• Machine Vendetta
• The Last Wish
• Days at the Morisaki Bookshop
• Sweet Bean Paste
• Among Others
• Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
• Sword of Destiny
• The Lost Cause
• A Deepness in the Sky
• Valuable Humans In Transit
• Re-read: Altered Carbon
• Re-read: A Fire Upon The Deep
• Re-read: The Big Sleep
• Janissaries
• The Snow Queen
• Re-read: Jhereg
• Re-read: Yendi
• Kik's Delivery Service

Non-Fiction

• Jobst Brandt Ride Bike!
• The Age of Scientific Wellness
• The Last Politician
• Size
• Number Go Up
• Remember
• The Delusion of Crowds
• Democracy Awakening
• The Curious Human Knee
• Built
• Determined
• The Time Crunched Cyclist
• The Fund
• Narrative Economics
• Ours Was The Shining Future
• The History of Video Games
• 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism
• Material World
• Humble Pi
• The Language of the Night
• Slow Productivity
• Fast After 50
• The Second Shot
• The Rise and Reign of Mammals
• What Makes This Book So Great
• The Rise and Fall of Dinosaurs
• The Wildlife of Our Bodies
• Barking Up the Wrong Tree
• Tapped Out
• The End is Always Near
• Bruce Lee - A Life

Comics

• The Walking Dead Compendium One
• The Walking Dead Compendium Two
• The Walking Dead Compendium Three
• The Walking Dead Compendium Four
• Clover

Review: Starter Villain

 Starter Villain is John Scalzi's conspiracy-leading novel about a secret cabal of villains working together to exploit mankind, and getting foiled by an unsuspecting hero protagonist who's thrown into the situation by sheer dumb luck.

Well, not really --- the plot revolves around Charles' uncle dying and then his estate designating him as a successor. The protagonist in the story is a bit clueless, but smart and somewhat sympathetic, though not someone who lets power grow to his head.

The plot has a million plotholes in it, and you're carried along only by the fun reveals here and there (all the cats are spies working for an evil mastermind). It's a perfectly good airplane novel, but there's nothing deep here. That's true of most Scalzi novels, but what redeems the novel is the Scalzi sense of humor, style, and fast pace which ensures that you won't pause too long to think of the plotholes and the elaborate reveal.

Review: Practical Magic

 I don't even remember how Practical Magic ended up in my borrow queue at the library. Once I did check it out, however, I got sucked into the story and found myself finishing it over 5 days.  The book is in the magic realism genre, there's no real system of magic behind it, and things just happen to the characters. A lot of the "magic" is the magic of old wives tales and stories, like throwing salt over your shoulders, avoiding bad luck, things like that.

What makes the story special is the style. Hoffman's style is a series of stream of consciousness explorations of the characters, with beautiful descriptions and summations of people's past history in relatively few words (the book's 290 pages long --- short by modern standards) and twists and turns. The plot revolves around two sisters whose parents died when they were young and as a result they were brought up by a pair of aunts whom everyone in town thinks are witches. The sisters are contrasts, a responsible one, and a wild one, and fate brings them back together years after the responsible has had kids and moved away from their childhood home.

I won't say that the characters are much special --- perhaps they fall too often into the stereotype of the women they're supposed to represent, especially the kind of person for whom everything is dramatic and end-of-the-world type of thing. The book's resolution is kinda abrupt --- the problems are solved so easily (by love, not cleverness), and I'm not sure can work outside of Hollywood.

Nevertheless, I enjoyed the book and had fun reading it.

Review: Trigger Warning

 Trigger Warning is Neil Gaiman's latest collection of short fiction and poetry.  I bounced off it the first time I tried to read it, and then read it again recently, this time making it through. It wasn't a particularly good read though --- there are some decent stories but nothing that sparkled the way even the introductory story in his previous collections did. I can't really recommend it.

Review: Jobst Brandt Ride Bike!

It's no secret that I'd been a follower of the late Jobst Brandt for many years, and have indeed read all of his trip reports hoping to follow some of his routes and glean his hotel recommendations. When Isola press offered a Kickstarter copy of a book with photos from his various outings to the alps I jumped on it, knowing full well that most of the text would have been stuff I'd read before.

My kickstarter copy was a softcover with high quality perfect bound back. The binding is such that it's not easy for the book to lay flat, so it's best read with both hands on the book. The photographs and drawings are reproduced with high fidelity, including the faded photographs from his youth. The slides of course reproduce well with no hint of color fading. You get to see how much ice there used to be on the Rhone Glacier and on Grosse Scheidegg back in the 70s and 80s, and how the glaciers there are now but pale shadows of their former self. You also get to see how few cyclists there used to be.

I did learn many things in this book, including about his honeymoon drive through the alps, as well as the story of how he got into Stanford (yes, faculty kids do get legacy-style access to top universities).   The old ad copy of him leaning his bike way over on treadless tires reminds me that so many follow-ons (like Jan Heine) are basically frauds in terms of actually understanding the mechanics behind traction. The text is well organized and fun to read, including stories from industry luminaries such as Tom Ritchey and Joe Breeze (who's confusedly abbreviated as JBr in the book!).

The whole book oozes quality, and I reads it cover to cover in a night. You're unlikely to find it at the library but it will look nice on your bookshelf. Recommended.

Review: The Age of Scientific Wellness

 The Age of Scientific Wellness is an attempt to tell the same story as Peter Attia's Outlive. The authors co-founded Arivale, which failed after spending $50m in funding on 5000 members. The book explains the principles between scientific wellness, which is basically individualized medicine, personalized to your genome, and tuned to your lifestyle. One example is to use a continuous glucose monitor to track your blood sugar and tune how you eat. Another example is using genomic knowledge to know what diseases you're particularly susceptible to, and then either use supplements, lifestyle changes, or other modifications to avoid them.

The book's on the long winded side and more than a little self-promoting, which is a bit rich coming from someone who's start failed. On the one hand, I like the idea, and would love to participate (and I already have CPAP machines and smart watches collecting more data about myself than I know what to do with), and on the other hand, I wonder about the costs and effectiveness. It's quite clear to me that only a small percentage of people can live according to the regime such a wellness approach would recommend --- think about the number of people who will drive their kids 2 blocks to school, or who refuse to exercise no matter what their blood pressure is.

I like the ideas behind the book --- I'm just not convinced that the ideas can be implemented at a population scale.

2023 Books of the Year Selection

 This year, I read 42 non-fiction books, 36 novels, 11 graphic novels (actually much more than that since I'm only counting reviews and I frequently clomp a ton of individual volumes into 1 review), watched 3 video lecture series, and audited 6 audio books. That's about 98 different volumes that I felt were worth reviewing and a substantial amount of reading. I even got to the point where sometimes I would shove in reviews on a Wednesday rather than just sticking to my Monday/Thursday posting schedule.

As usual, it was a great year for non-fiction. I really enjoyed The Beginning of Infinity, Chip War, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, The People's Hospital, American Prometheus, and Outlive. But the book that made me the most uncomfortable was Politics is for Power, an indictment of the typical college graduate's approach to politics, which all too often describes what I do, which is liking a Facebook meme instead of taking concrete action. I think it behooves all of us to take concrete action instead of just moaning and groaning about how the far right (which does take concrete action) is taking over the world.

On the fiction side of the fence, it was also a surprisingly good year, between all the Neil Gaiman books I had been reading to Boen, revisiting old classics like The Mists of Avalon, and discovering R. F. Kuang. I really enjoyed Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, A Half-Built-Garden, Fire & Hemlock, The Way Home, and Babel. But what blew me away was Ra. This is science fantasy/fiction dialed all the way up to 11, and done well with plot twists that you don't see coming as well as grand reveals that would be the centerpiece of a lesser novelist being treated as mere stepping stones to an even bigger reveal that is being setup that really does blow your mind. I really need to stop being cheap and just buy up qnmt's other books and read them.

On the Graphic novel end I was very pleased to discover that new Astro-City volumes had come out and that many of them were just as good as the previous ones. I enjoyed reading HeartStoppers and Logicomix, but the one that surprised me by how good it was was Bea Wolf.

I enjoyed all the great courses video series I watched, but Epic Engineering Failures and the Lessons They Teach was outstanding and well worth your time. If you're an engineer you owe it to yourself to watch this.

For audio books this year I enjoyed The Big Questions of Philosophy, and the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, but the only reason I had an audible subscription at all was for The Sandman Act III. If Amazon wants my money they better make Act IV!

All in all, my book of the year was Ra. I think you should check it out. Here's to another great year of reading for 2024!

Review: The Fourth Turning Is Here

 The Fourth Turning Is Here is a rehash of Neil Howe and William Strauss' classic book of cliodynamics, Generations. Howe & Strauss has one very appealing theory, which is that American History is driven by the four stroke cycles of 4 archetypical generations. The reason for this 4 stroke cycle is that each generation of adults parent in an opposing style from the way they were raised, which drives the dominant personality type of each successive generation.

It's clear that in this book, Howe has refined his thinking and come up with good names for each archetype: Prophet (the Boomers), Nomad (Gen X), Hero (Millenials), and Artist (post-Millenials). He points out that this sort of cycle has been seen over and over in pre-American history as well:

First, the dynasty is born in a crisis moment of invasion or rebellion; second, it grows and strengthens; third, it reaches its zenith of generosity and power (a “midpoint” he compares to a person’s peak functional age); fourth, it weakens and declines; and fifth, it perishes. The early stages of strong social cohesion are marked by coarse (pastoral) manners, simple laws that are obeyed, a thirst for reputation, and modest affluence, equally shared. The late stages of withering ‘asabiyya are marked by refined (urban) manners, complex laws that are evaded, a thirst for money, and great riches, hoarded by a few. (Kindle Loc 1189)

 Howe brings up historical epochs in the past, from the Civil War to the Great Awakening, to The Glorious Revolution and of course the Revolutionary War. These examples are used to illustrate the operating principles behind his theory. The idea is that societies post-crisis go into institutional building mode, successfully providing the basis for material welfare and great works (think about the interstate highway system, rural electrification, and the race to the moon). After material welfare has been satisfied, the next generation focuses on processes and codification, followed by a spiritual generation that ignores material welfare and searches for inner meaning, followed by a generation driven by pragmatism and need to survive, after which a crisis will occur that resets the society, assuming it successfully overcomes the challenge.

There are a few subtle points new to this book:

• Howe argues that the world has converged to a single generational cycle, since World War 2 effectively reset all societies.
• He further argues that while the individual events are unpredictable (there are wars and crisis in every generation), society's reactions to those crisis are not. In retrospect, he says, it was obvious that World War 1 would not resolve satisfactorily because of the generational constellations, while World War 2 was seized upon and built upon to reset society.

Only after these enemies surrendered unconditionally did America relent. And not only relent. America used its newfound global authority to reconstruct these nations as liberal democracies—a successful exercise in “nation building” that later generations would dismiss as hopelessly beyond their power....In fact, long-term solutions to big issues happen only when the nation reinvents itself. And that happens not on a sunny summer day—but on a dark winter day when citizens’ backs are against the wall and every available option points to sacrifice and danger. Paradoxically, the nation makes its most serious commitments to its long-term future precisely when its near-term existence seems most in doubt. These are the moments when everyone comprehends, as Benjamin Franklin allegedly quipped just after adding his signature to the Declaration of Independence, that “we must all hang together or most assuredly we will all hang separately.” (kindle loc 5304-5342)

Assuming you buy Howe's premise, how does Howe use his theory to predict the future. He claims that we're in the midst of a generational crisis now (Prophets in elderly age and Heroes in their youth) that will resolve in a climax somewhere around 2032. He gives no specifics but predicts that the most likely scenario is a war. 

During the Millennial Crisis climax, acting out of necessity, America’s political leaders will have overhauled major parts of the economy that are today encumbered with decades of dysfunctional subsidies, NIMBY regulations, and barriers to competition that favor incumbents. These large “social” sectors—including education, health care, communications, finance, and construction—today amount to roughly half of GDP. They constitute a major roadblock to rising living standards because they currently experience negative productivity growth during a typical year, which means that their prices rise faster than average workers’ income. All this will change in the next First Turning. From banking, colleges, and home building to hospitals, big pharma, and social media, countless industries will be jolted back to life during the years of emergency. With a fresh policy framework in place, take-home wages will jump, public budgets will find welcome relief, and a vast economic frontier will again be open to innovation...By the 2040s, measures of wealth and income inequality will have declined from the historically exceptional levels of the late 2010s. This decline in inequality will likely happen in two stages. The first stage will be sudden and will accompany the inflation, mobilization, and economic regimentation triggered by the Crisis climax. The second, more gradual stage will be set in motion by the First Turning’s transformed economic and policy environment. Full employment with rapid earnings growth, augmented by a higher minimum wage, will expand workers’ share of national income. Immigration rates will remain well below what they were before the Crisis era began in 2008—and reduced immigration will effectively bid up low-skilled wages. Comprehensive taxation of capital income and bequests will lighten the middle-class tax burden. Social welfare programs will become relatively less generous for the nonpoor elderly and relatively more generous for young working families. (kindle loc 7427-7447)

The one thing that I respect most about Howe & Strauss has been that they have not flinched at using their theory to make predictions. So far, their prediction of a generational crisis made in their  1991 has come true. If what they wrote about the global cycle it also means that there's no way to escape the coming crisis --- no place on the planet will be exempt. May we all live to see whether or not his predictions post 2033 will be true!

Review: How We Learn

 How We Learn is a book about how the human brain works as far as learning is concerned. You've probably know of the results from previous readings, but the book puts them all together into one place and is written in a clearly accessible manner. Here's my summary of the main poitns:

• Cramming works, but doesn't result in long lasting memory or learning
• Learning facts, vocabulary, or other feats of memorization is best done using a system of spaced repetition. There are many spaced repetition apps such as SuperMemo that can help you with this so you can have the optimal learning in the least time
• Interleaving problems is important for learning which tools to use when (STEM field classwork is mostly about learning tools, and STEM exams are about applying those tools to solve problems). That means whenever you're doing exercises you should not just do exercises on the current tool you're learning to use, but tools that you learned previously as well. By the way, this is an indictment of the way US schools teach Math, by separating it into subtopics like Algebra, Geometry, etc. The British system where Math is just Math and all the subtopics are interleaved is more effective.
• Distractions, far from being the disaster that many people assume they are, can be used as a tool to let your learning systems percolate what it's learn over time. A little distraction every hour or so is not a bad thing.
• When doing big projects, getting started is the hard part. Once you've started, a partially completed task actually sticks better in your memory!

I guess you don't actually have to read the book since I could summarize it so easily, but I enjoyed it anyway.

Review: Elder Race

 Elder Race is Adrian Tchaikovsky's fantasy/science fiction novel set in a colony of Earth that has lost contact with the home planet. It starts with what looks like a typical fantasy quest, the fourth daughter of a queen embarking to seek the help of a wizard for an insoluble problem, and then switches the perspective to that of the wizard, who turns out to be a junior Anthropologist abandoned on the planet he was supposed to study.

The book switches perspective between the two protagonists, and we get both the technical views of the situations as well as the raw fantasy view. The anthropologist communicates through a translator, and there's a fantastic section where he explains the origins of the colony and the translator translate it into a high fantasy explanation in parallel. The book shows both texts side by side and it makes for great reading.

The book is short and doesn't outstay its welcome. It covers common other themes such as the prime directive as well as developing the characters and providing plausible explanations of stereotypical wizard behavior. I thoroughly enjoyed it. Recommended.

Review: The World of JRR Tolkien

 The World of JRR Tolkein is a series of 8 lectures on Tolkein. Rather than just the Lord of the Rings, the Hobbit and the Silmarillion were also covered, with various references to Tolkien's life and the history of his creation of the languages. One interesting titbit that I learned from the lecture series that I didn't learn elsewhere was that Tolkien intentionally tried to create a mythology of England, since unlike the other countries comprising the United Kingdom, he didn't feel that England had its own mythology.

The lecture series goes deeply into languages, gender, and race, but skimps quite a bit on Tolkien's work on Beowulf, and doesn't get into his relationship with his children at all. I bought it on sale, and it was quite short. I don't feel that it's nearly as good as Tolkein and the West, which I think is a much deeper lecture series.

Review: Books that Matter - The Prince

 I've heard of The Prince but never read it, but I did use one of my audible credits to pick up the great courses lecture series about The Prince. I'm glad I did. I learned the following:

• Niccolo Machiavelli was an atheist. I had no idea that it was possible to be an Atheist during that time period, but Landon explained how he came to that conclusion, and it's convincing. Along the way I got to an understanding of what Greek philosophers came to light during that time that supported Machiavelli's position.
• Machiavelli wrote the book as an attempt to get back into the good graces of the ruling family of Florence after being exiled when the Medici took back Florence after a period of Florence being a republic in which Machiavelli was a prime mover. The book didn't work to get Machiavelli back in.
• In many ways Machiavelli wasn't able to take the same advice he gave in the book. That's how he ended up in the situation where he had to write an advice book. The book itself wasn't widely read during his lifetime as it was meant to have an audience of one person.
• Italy didn't have a national identity during that period --- the country was divided into city states, each of which experimented with differing types of governments at different times.

All in all, every chapter of the book was discussed in detail, along with the background necessary in order to understand it. It was well worth my time.

Review: The Poppy War

 The Poppy War is R. F. Kuang's fantasy retelling of the Rape of Nanking. The book starts off like a typical fantasy novel set in an East Asian analog with western trappings --- there's an exam where the hero protagonist passes and qualifies to go to a military school. The class sizes are astonishingly small for being in China (the author went to a small East Coast private college), and there's one mysterious, weird teacher whose craziness is legendary.

The magic system is completely un-worked out and deliberately designed so that the author can do whatever she likes, but the writing is transparent and enjoyable, even if the whole setup is entire cliched. (It might not be so clichéd if you didn't grow up reading Jin Yong or Gu Long).

Once the novel gets to the war between the Japanese-analogue and the Chinese-analogue, the story drags, and none of the setup she put into place in the first third of the novel has a fulfilling ending. This happened because the world-building was incomplete, so the characters ended up being dragged along by the plot rather than leading to a natural conclusion that was part of the setup.

I can see why the book was popular and won awards. But I borrowed the second book of the trilogy from the library and didn't get very far before I understood that the fundamental world building flaws in the book meant that it wasn't compelling --- the need to retell the rape of Nanking simply over-rode all other considerations and it shows.

Reread: House of Suns

 I found myself re-reading House of Suns again recently, and it strikes me as the perfect Alastair Reynolds novel. I found myself once again enjoying the story of the shatterlings, the relativistic travel and how a society could organize itself, and also the various reveals in the story --- the Absence, the interaction with multiple post-human civilizations, as well as the intrigue surrounding the eponymous title. 

The main characters in the book are fairly well fleshed out, and very relatable. I could easily read more novels set in this universe, though I don't believe Reynolds has returned to this universe in recent years (though he has some short stories where the two do show up). Recommended.

Review: Two Wheels Good

 Two Wheels Good claims to be a history and mystery of the bicycle. In practice, it doesn't shed much light on the history of the bicycle, and the mysteries it claims for the bicycle aren't terribly impressive. For instance, the mystery the author claims is that the bicycle showed up so late in history --- the reality was that the bicycle chain required precision manufacturing, as did spokes, rims, and high quality bearings. There's no discussion of the invention of the bicycle's component (derailleurs, wire spoked wheels, or even the invention of the headset).

The mystery of why the book was so lackluster was revealed to me when the author visits Danny MacAskill and goes for a ride with him and crashes on a trivial mountain bike ride, indicating that the author doesn't actually ride his bike very much or very spiritedly or adventurously, despite having claimed to spend a year as a bicycle messenger in Boston.

There's a lot of trivia in this page, as though the author tries very hard to make up for his lack of first hand experience riding a bicycle by reading widely and doing his research in the library. There are many places where he makes fun of the modern suburban cargo bike:

Cargo cycles are expensive and, with their bulk, a bit ostentatious. They are status symbols, in other words, favored by the kinds of bourgeois bohemians who inhabit gracious urban neighborhoods lined with bike lanes. The history of the cargo cycle is a parable of gentrification: the manual laborer who hauled loads through the industrial city has become a knowledge worker pedaling genteel streets with a storage hold full of kids and kale. (kindle loc 3532)

Those of us who actually ride for utilitarian purposes welcome each one of these ungainly cargo bikes, since each person out of a car is one person less dangerous to our lives.

I can't say that I learned anything useful in this book, but I got a very good idea of what an east coast urban dweller thinks about bicycles. No wonder bicycle infrastructure in this country is so poor!

Review: Going Infinite

 I read Going Infinite expecting some of the trademark incisiveness and insight that Michael Lewis had brought to his other books. To my surprise, Michael Lewis, despite having unprecedented access to Sam Bankman-Fried, apparently swallows SBF at face value, hook, line and sinker.

For instance, right at the end of the book Lewis defends SBF, claiming that it's very likely that FTX was in fact solvent at the time of bankruptcy. That seems pretty unlikely --- if it had indeed been solvent, it would have been easy for FTX to cough up the money that its depositors wanted, rather than declaring bankruptcy. Molly White has an even better takedown of Michael Lewis's claims on her blog.

The entire book, in fact, therefore doesn't add up. We get a lot of claims that SBF made at face value, which isn't very satisfying, and maybe the prurient e-mails and notes between SBF and his one-time romantic partner Caroline Ellison. It's very clear that SBF has effectively told his story well --- but we've seen admissions in public that his belief in Effective Altruism (which still seems to me a crock) was basically a sympathy play --- it was his way into social acceptability for a person who's not very good at socializing with people.

Ultimately, what I'm surprised by was that his employees put up with his treatment of them for so long:

The Serum tokens Sam paid to employees like Friedberg appeared to be fetching $.33 at the time of his bankruptcy. Their true value was not as clear. The FTX employees’ Serum tokens were “locked”; the employees were forbidden from selling them until they became unlocked. The person who did the unlocking was Sam. Initially, the tokens were meant to be unlocked over the course of seven years, starting at the end of the first year. Employees could sell one-seventh of their Serum at the end of that first year, and another seventh at the end of each of the following years, until they’d sold it all. Soon after Serum’s creation, its price had skyrocketed. Sam clearly had not anticipated this. He now had all these employees who felt ridiculously rich. (At least in theory, the value of Dan Friedberg’s Serum stash peaked, in September 2021, at over $1 billion.) In Sam’s view, everyone at once became a lot less motivated to work fourteen-hour days. And so he did a very Sam thing: he changed the terms of the employees’ Serum. In the fine print of the employee Serum contract, he’d reserved for himself the right to extend Serum’s jail time, and he used it to lock up all employees’ Serum for seven years. Sam’s employees had always known that he preferred games in which the rules could change in the middle. They now understood that if he had changed the rules once, he might do it again. They became less enthusiastic about their Serum. “It was very unclear if you had it or if you didn’t have it,” said Ramnik, who had watched in irritation as Sam locked up a bunch of tokens that he’d bought with his own money on the open market before he joined FTX. “I guess you would know in seven years.” (kindle loc 3971)

This is the kind of thing that should have an employee thinking: "If he's willing to cheat me like this, what makes me think that he'll be honest with anyone else, customers, lawyers, or his donors and lenders?" It seems there were plenty of clues as to the fundamental dishonesty of Sam Bankman-Fried. It's just that Michael Lewis chose to ignore all of them, just like his employees did.

 

Review: American Born Chinese

 American Born Chinese is a graphic novel depicting the Asian American experience. It intertwines 3 narratives: the story of the monkey king (known to nearly anyone from Asia), the story of Jin Wang, and the story of Danny, whose visiting embarrasing FOB cousin embarrasses him in school. It has been made into a Disney+ TV show, and has won many awards.

I can see why the story got picked up by Disney+ --- it has the fake sort of epiphany common to many Disney stories, which is the realization that you need to be true to yourself. The story is a straightforward narrative and the art is nothing special.

The ending was reasonable, but nothing I would call ground-breaking. 

Review: Babel

 After reading Yellowface, I had checked out Babel, R. F. Kuang's near past fantasy about a magic/silver based industrial revolution centered around translators of Oxford. At the back of the book I discovered that she got her MSc in Contemporary Chinese Studies from Oxford, which explains her familiarity with the material.

The story centers around Robin Swift, a mixed race Chinese person whose father rescued him for a chorea epidemic and brings him to England, where he undergoes an extensive classical education before starting life as an undergraduate at the translator's institute at Oxford. The department seems unusually small, with only 4 students in their cohort. (As a point of reference though, I'll note that Oxford is just small --- their math department numbers approximately 200 students per cohort)

As he undergoes his education, he's recruited by his predecessor, who faked his own death and dropped out when he realized that this work was being used by the British to oppress foreign countries. The nature of magic in this version of England is tied to silver and translations --- a silver engraving with words of deferring languages and the correct pronunciation and enunciation of both words in bilingual fashion would activate the power of the language based on the subtle differences between the words in these two languages. Kuang uses this conceit to create within the Babel translation department the need for linguistic diversity, with the department accepting its first African and Chinese students in order to research new word-pairs. Kuang associates this with being Chinese raised by the Anglo society:

He had become so good at holding two truths in his head at once. That he was an Englishman and not. That Professor Lovell was his father and not. That the Chinese were a stupid, backwards people, and that he was also one of them. That he hated Babel, and wanted to live forever in its embrace. He had danced for years on the razor’s edge of these truths, had remained there as a means of survival, a way to cope, unable to accept either side fully because an unflinching examination of the truth was so frightening that the contradictions threatened to break him. (kindle loc 5627)

The plot then cleverly revolves around the new, diverse student cohort realizing the oppression of the silver industrial revolution, and the desire of the British Empire's companies to open up the Chinese market to opium:

The silver industrial revolution is one of the greatest drivers of inequality, pollution, and unemployment in this country. The fate of a poor family in Canton is in fact intricately tied to the fate of an out-of-work weaver from Yorkshire. Neither benefits from the expansion of empire. Both only get poorer as the companies get richer. So if they could only form an alliance . . .’ Anthony wove his fingers together. ‘But that’s the problem, you see. No one’s focused on how we’re all connected. We only think about how we suffer, individually. The poor and middle-class of this country don’t realize they have more in common with us than they do with Westminster.’  (kindle loc 7079)

The book's climax drags, however, with the students attempting a revolution and the ending is much less satisfying than the rest of the book. The magic system is of course, as imprecise as translations of any text to any other language would be, which I thought was clever. The story of Robin accepting his privileged state before eventually taking action against his masters is also well done:

Robin had always been willing, in theory, to give up only some things for a revolution he halfway believed in. He was fine with resistance as long as it didn’t hurt him. And the contradiction was fine, as long as he didn’t think too hard about it, or look too closely. But spelled out like this, in such bleak terms, it seemed inarguable that far from being a revolutionary, Robin, in fact, had no convictions whatsoever. (kindle loc 4643)

The book has several anachronisms. For instance, pinyin is used frequently, despite it being a much later invention (post 1950!). It's quite clear that Kuang doesn't have extensive knowledge of non-Mandarin dialects, never even attempting to use Cantonese/Hokkien/Haka words or pronunciations of Chinese words.  It probably would have been better for the book if she'd stuck to actual Chinese characters instead of trying to use pinyin, because of pinyin's inherent ambiguity.

I enjoyed the book, nevertheless, only being disappointed by the ending, where it became clear that Kuang has written herself into a corner. I still recommend the book as a fun read, however, and it might be even more fun if you weren't already familiar with Chinese.

Review: Elon Musk

 I've been watching Walter Issacson go from being a historical biographer to becoming a biographer for contemporary figures. It's an interesting transition, though not always for the better as far as the content is concerned. When you write about a historical figure, you know how the story ends, and to some extent you can provide analysis of the person in context. So I come away from his books like Leonardo Da Vinci or even Einstein feeling smarter than when I read them. With figures like Steve Jobs there's not enough distance but you can see Issacson trying to provide historical context with decreasing success. With his most recent book Elon Musk he doesn't even try.

That's not to say that the book is no good. For one thing, the process of cost-cutting at SpaceX and Tesla isn't particularly well known or well described, nor is Musks' admirable willingness to make the call and take the risk and admit mistakes when he's made a mistake:

Musk took responsibility for the over-automation. He even announced it publicly. “Excessive automation at Tesla was a mistake,” he tweeted. “To be precise, my mistake. Humans are underrated.” (Kindle loc 3740)

Contrast this with Steve Jobs telling customers that they were holding the phone wrong. 

As the book progresses, however, you realize the limitations of Water Isaacson. He's not a technical person, so I wouldn't expect him to describe the intricacies of how a rocket can be designed, or why self-driving cars are much harder than making a reliable EV cheap enough for ordinary people to afford. (Though you could argue that Musk hasn't done that yet --- even the cheapest Tesla is still what I consider BMW territory in terms of pricing)

What's missing is that Issacson's not even that good as a business analyst. So you get this one throwaway line in the book near the end:

His most valuable lieutenants at Tesla and SpaceX had learned ways to deflect his bad ideas and drip-feed him unwelcome information, but the legacy employees at Twitter didn’t know how to handle him. (kindle loc 8104)

I went through the whole book and at no point did Issacson point to a place where either Tesla or SpaceX demonstrated the ability to manage up explicitly and defused Musk. The book has been one chapter after another chapter of Musks' feats, whether it's producing copious numbers of progeny with various women, or sleeping on the factory floor in order to inspire a sense of urgency amongst workers, or firing various managers viciously Darth Vader style. You start to get the impression that Issacson's successes in the past was because there was many other writers who went before him and produced the contextual analysis that he then summarized  in his own book, which made him seem so smart when writing books about historical figures.

This is not to say that it's a bad book. It's well written, with short chapters that can be read pick-up/put-down style in this age of multi-tasking, and told me a lot about the way Musk works, and maybe provide some sympathetic view that he's not a right-wing sycophant that he comes across as on social media. Having said that, I remember that the Nazis who voted for Hitler but didn't commit war-crimes were still Nazis and still actively worked to make the world a much worse place. Probably if Musk had been able to stick to Tesla and SpaceX he would still be hailed as a hero, and if he was an asshole to many of his employees, not much worse than Steve Jobs, which many Silicon Valley managers/CEOs seek to emulate, using his behavior as an excuse to behave abominably.

What does come across is that Musk loves risk, and loves being under fire. Which leads him to seek the kind of thrill and crises that only a company in existential threat can provide him. You therefore cannot expect him to be a normal person.

What I will say is that I admire the calm, cool manager who never manages a crisis because they were so able to anticipate problems that the problems never arise in the first place. Those people exist but because they're not attention seekers and are frequently introverts, nobody thinks to write biographies about them. It's clear that Issacson wants to write about scientists/technologiests, and innovators, and it's clear that over time the ability of one individual to make massive progress is limited --- his latest books end up being about people who lead teams of people. It's a pity that he chooses subjects that embody some of the worst humanity has to offer, providing yet another generation of Silicon Valley CEOs the excuse to behave like man-children.

Finally, I would say that I think that it's very difficult for a well-meaning biographer to get close to his subject while he's still alive and still be objective. It's quite clear to me that the calibre of Issacson's biographies go down when he's working on subjects who are still alive. A combination of not wanting to be nasty to someone whom you've gotten close to over the years (and it's impossible not to do that if you want to capture all the details) and the fact that in this case you probably don't want to piss off the richest person on the planet (who can do a lot of damage to your life if he doesn't like what you wrote). That makes the entire book suspect.

“I was very worried that if Elon and I parted on bad terms, he would tweet bad things about me and call me a libtard, and then his hundred million followers, some of whom may be violent, would come after me and my family.” Roth turned plaintive as he talked about his worries. “What Elon doesn’t understand,” he said at the end of our conversation, “is that the rest of us do not have security people the way he does.” (kindle loc 7435)

Review: Outlive

 I approached Outlive with the attitude that this was another crank health and nutrition book. To my surprise I found Peter Attia to be a pretty humble guy who's willing to read papers and go back on his previous enthusiasm for say, fasting. What he noticed about fasting was that it was very easy to lose muscle, which meant that it's only suitable for people who are so over-fat that the gains from losing fat outweighs the loss of muscle mass.

The book doesn't make any extravagant promises about shortcuts or quick fixes to your diet or exercise routine if you need to lose weight. Instead, it tries to advocate that your lifestyle and exercise program needs to meet the needs of someone who wants to live a long time in good health. If you dislike exercise or want a quick fix this book is not for you --- one of the charts early on demonstrate that if you still want to do easy activities like hiking in your 70s and 80s, you pretty much have to be in the elite 5% of the population in the top 5% of VO2 max for your age. If that's not daunting to you I don't know what is. (Then again, my Garmin watch constantly tells me I have that, so maybe it's not that hard in a nation which wants to drive everywhere and considers exercise to be something worse than death)

I will note that Attia is a great advocate for exercise. He notes, for instance, that the increased risk of dying from smoking is about 50% for a smoker vs a non-smoker. But the increased risk of dying if you're in the lowest quartile of the population is 100% compared to the population that's the next quartile up. In other words, being the least fit in the population is much worse for you than even being a smoker! For upper two quartiles diminishing returns kicks in and being in the elite 5% only reduces your risk of death by 4X rather than 2X compared to the bottom most quartile.

The nutrition part of the book is also interesting, since it notes that the RDA for protein designated by the FDA is actually the minimum necessary to maintain muscle mass, which means that if you're actually trying to gain muscle you have to double or even triple it! That will offend many vegetarians and vegans as he also goes on to explain how hard it is to get sufficient protein of the right kind on those diets.

There's also a huge emphasis in the book about sleep:

Kirk Parsley observed this when he was a physician to the SEALs. Outwardly, these men appeared to be prime physical specimens, finely honed by their rigorous training. But when Parsley analyzed their blood tests, he was shocked: many of these young guys had the hormone levels and inflammatory markers of men several decades older than them—“old-man blood,” Parsley called it. Because their training exercises and missions often began at odd hours of the night and required them to stay awake for twenty-four hours or more at a stretch, they were chronically sleep deprived, their natural sleep-wake cycles utterly disrupted. (kindle loc 5926)

The book is long and sometimes repetitive, so I don't expect a lot of people to read it, and I expect even fewer people to be able to apply the findings in the book. But then again, most people aren't going to be in the elite 5% of octogenarians who can still go hiking with their grand-children.

A science-based, humble approach to longevity. I therefore recommend this book.

Review: The Way Home

 I watched The Last Unicorn with my kids (an amazing movie --- I didn't know that a good number of the animators went on to work at Studio Ghibli later on, and also worked on Nausicaa), and realized that The Way Home is the sequel to the original novel.

The point of view character in the two novellas that form the book is Sooz, whom at the start of Two Hearts (the first novella) is nine years old. The book revisits Molly, Schmendrick, and Lyr years after the events of The Last Unicorn, and features Lyr's final adventure. It's poignant, and sets up the second novella.

The second novella begins when Sooz is 17, and is told a secret about her origin and family. It turns out that she has an older sister who was stolen by the Faerie, and she sees her on her seventeenth birthday and sets out to find her and bring her home. Along the way she encounters a stone golem who becomes her friend. The writing is just as lyrical and beautiful as Two Hearts, but I didn't find the ending nearly as compelling or beautiful. None of the other characters from The Last Unicorn appear in this second novella, so properly speaking it's only a sequel because of the connection with Sooz.

Both novellas are short and easily and quickly read. Two Hearts deserves all the awards that it's won. Recommended.

Bull Run Lake Backpack Boen Edition

 We'd planned a trip for the weekend of Sep 23-24th, but a bout of bad air arrived from Northern California and Oregon, breaking up what was until then a relatively smoke free summer. Purple Air indicated relatively good air quality near bear valley, so we reprised Carson Iceberg Wilderness, a trip that we'd done in 2017 with Bowen, but now with Boen. Back then, we'd done it as a 3 day/2 night trip, but we had only one night this time.

Air Quality at the trailhead was excellent, but we promptly got lost and ended up having to do a cross country hike to get back to the trail. The one time I'd not setup a route on my GPS of course, was the one time we had routefinding problems.

It was relatively cool, but once we'd pitched the tend and walked out to the lakeside I found that I had the courage to at least attempt to swim.

I got in, swam a few strokes, and got back out --- it was pretty cold! Arturo got in long enough to persuade Boen to get in, but after that he got out pretty quick as well. We gathered some firewood and then had dinner. Smoke came in, and gave the place a hazy air, but the portable air quality monitor never gave us a reading worse than "fresh."

We had dinner early, and then started a fire for marshmallows. I didn't realize that Boen had never roasted Marshmallows or had smores before, and that this was a new experience for him! I don't make campfires when I go camping, and the places I tend to go to don't allow them most of the time anyway, but Arturo told me that this was the first trip he'd done this year where campfires were permitted!

The night was forecast to be cold, close to freezing, but it was very comfortable at 8:00pm when Boen had had enough of Marshmallows and we brushed our teeth, and we went and did a bit of stargazing. Getting into our tent, Boen didn't read for long before going to sleep in the zero degree bag and freshly purchased Nemo Tensor Ultralight pad, which was now upgraded to R4.2 for 2023.

We all slept well, and I got out of the tent and made coffee the next morning in good spirits. The air was even clearer and cleaner this morning, and surprisingly warm. Arturo noted that his thermometer read 37F instead of the anticipated 33F, but I pointed out that he had kept his backpack in the vestibule of the tent. The air was bone dry, as was the tent, which was very much welcome when it came to packing things up.

We set off in the shade and made good time --- it's much harder to get lost on the trail from this direction, and it's also a lot easier going.

Boen was a lot stronger than his brother was, and despite blisters patched up with compeed the day before made good time with next to no whining. By the time we got to mosquito lakes we were wondering how the heck we had gotten lost the day before. As we approached the car Arturo pointed it out --- there was a sign that pointed in the wrong direction!

Air Quality was reasonable all the way home. It's the kind of thing you take for granted when you have it, but when you don't you're conscious all the time that the days when humanity can go outdoors and go camping may very well be limited!

Review: The Knowledge Gap

 If you're a parent of elementary school kids, you'll have encountered the metrics of measurement in an American school system, where kids are taught reading skills, such as identifying the topic of a sentence, and summarizing a paragraph. I remember being very impressed by this, since that was something I didn't remember doing until much later in my schooling.

Natalie Wexler's thesis in The Knowledge Gap is that this isn't a sign of a high functioning educational system but is a pointer to the lack of curriculum in the United States. The United States is unique among developed countries in that there's no national curriculum of study that the entire country follows. Instead, all the standards (in Common Core or others) are based on skills. This works in Math --- there's nothing in Math where knowledge doesn't equate to skill. But Wexler claims it fails in reading, because reading comprehension is tied completely to the knowledge you have. As an example, Wexler provides a paragraph describing a cricket match which would be incomprehensible to most Americans, since most Americans don't know what cricket is.

There's apparently a curriculum based approach called Core Knowledge, which isn't widely adopted. Chapter after chapter describes how controversial which knowledge to impart to children is -- lots of proposals get shot down or mired in politics, which is how we end up with the current situation, where many Americans don't know that the civil war was fought over slavery, or that the first 10 amendments to the constitution are called the bill of rights.

There's definitely a stigma attached to learning facts --- those of us growing up in Asia remember being told to memorize pointless facts, and history being reduced to memorizing dates that could be looked up with a quick web search or wikipedia. Nevertheless, Wexler makes a good point that if you're going to test reading comprehension, you might as well define a good curriculum so that the actual comprehension is important. There's also a ton of evidence that kids love it AND they do far better in test scores driven this way.

I didn't grow up in the American education system, but I too remember being disappointed by science classes in school getting most of my science education from popular media like Carl Sagan's Cosmos instead. That's unlikely to change unless parents demand it. I wonder if parents who grew up without this background, however, would even know to demand it!

I hope Wexler's criticism works and that we get a better knowledge-based curriculum in the United States. Apparently New York is starting to change. I wouldn't hold my breath though --- as a parent, though you can help out, since it's your job to impart knowledge as well!

The book gave me much to think about. Recommended.

Review: Yellowface

 Yellowface is R. F. Kuang's novel about white misappropriation of an Asian cultural work. It has no right to be so easy to read and fun, being about serious topics, but it is. The plot is about Juniper Song Hayward and her friend Athena Liu. Liu is a majorly successful writer (much like R. F. Kuang is), having sold novels not only to major publishing houses but also had a Netflix series deal in hand.

Liu dies a horrible death choking in front of Juniper eating pancakes, but not before she shows Juniper her latest, completed manuscript, a novel about Chinese laborers in Europe during World War 1. After the death, Juniper reads the manuscript, rewrites it and sells it, using her friend's idea and reigniting her otherwise lackluster literary career.

Juniper's a horrible person, of course, full of herself, and belittling her friends. She willingly publishes the novel using her middle name so the appropriate audiences would think that she was Asian, and manipulatively cuts off any possibility that she would be discovered as having stolen the work. Like most fiction authors she's neurotic and horribly addicted to twitter, and so turns every minor event into a major epic frenzy centered around herself (you must know people like that --- I do too!).

The book doesn't give you any insights about twitter culture, cancel culture, cultural misappropriation, or even about human nature that you don't already know. That's not its goal. Its goal is to entertain and perhaps poke fun at people like Juniper Hayward. That it succeeds at, in spades. If you've never read any other books surrounding New York's publishing culture, it'll also give you some insight about how cliquish it is. But there probably better ways of getting that info than this novel.

I read the book in a couple of days, and it was a nice change of pace from the usual heavy non-fiction I read. I'll look for other books by Kuang as they would make great airplane novels.

I learn it’s important to be anti-PRC (that’s the People’s Republic of China) but pro-China (I’m not terribly sure how that’s different). I learn what “little pinks” and “tankies” are and make sure I don’t inadvertently retweet support for either. I decry what’s happening in Xinjiang. I Stand with Hong Kong. I start gaining dozens more followers a day once I’ve started vocalizing on these matters, and when I notice that many of my followers are people of color or have things like #BLM and #FreePalestine in their bios, I know I’m on the right track. (kindle loc 949)

 Every so often someone in this industry develops a conscience and gives a nonwhite creator a chance, and then the whole carnival rallies around their book like it’s the only diverse work ever to exist. I’ve been on the other side. I’ve seen it happen. I’ve been in the room when we pick our one spicy book of the season, when we decide who’s educated and articulate and attractive but marginalized enough to make good on our marketing budget. It’s sick, you know. But I suppose it’s nice to be the token. If the rules are broken, you might as well ride the diversity elevator all the way to the top. Wasn’t that your logic?” (kindle loc 4099)

Review: Heartstoppers Vol 1-4

 Heartstoppers is the story of a gay couple, Charlie Spring and Nick Nelson. Set in high school in England, the story starts with Charlie breaking up with his boyfriend for kissing a girl. Nick then recruits Charlie to play rugby (which is a much more macho sport than football --- no armor!), and in the process of the two becoming best friends Nick discovers his own sexuality.

The characters are great and well-drawn. Maybe it's all kind of odd because all the main characters are either gay or transexual or bisexual. What's interesting to me is that Alice Oseman focuses on everything that happens after the relationship starts --- all the relationships in the book start with no drama, no one is ever rejected. This seems very unrealistic to me, but you have to understand that the author is a young woman who's probably never been rejected before, and at some level the author's focus isn't on the start of a relationship but the maintenance of it.

The depiction of characters are great --- people genuinely care about each other, and the treatment of anorexia is unusual and realistic. The book's main message is that love doesn't cure mental illness --- you have to get help and get the support of everyone around you, teachers, parents, doctors, and yes, your boyfriend. I love how tolerant everyone is in the book as well --- even the homophobes eventually admit to being wrong.

The book is set in England, so there's talk of A levels, but I also love that the school trip is to Paris and they don't need anything more than a bus to go there. The school trips depicted in the book are also way more chill than American school trips, with the kids being given lots more freedom and autonomy to approach a museum the way they want to, rather than being herded like cats. That's par for the course --- by the teenage years, in most countries kids have much more autonomy than in the USA.

With the huge amount of tolerance for non-straight behavior in the book, it's not a surprise that right-wingers have banned Heartstoppers. That should be enough to get you to read the book, but the reason I would want my kids to read the book is because it's full of empathetic characters who care about each other, who learn to deal with each other's problems, and are resilient enough to cope with bullying and other negative events in their lives. And that's good enough reason to read the book.

Review: The Rare Metals War

 The Rare Metals War is another book about the high cost of renewal energy. It makes several statements - one is that the current method of mining was ceded to China because of environmental action in the West driving out mines in those countries. The argument is that China strategically also tried to kill mining companies in the west by dumping supplies and driving their competition out of business.

purifying a single tonne of rare earths requires using at least 200 cubic metres of water, which then becomes saturated with acids and heavy metals.23 Will this water go through a water-treatment plant before it is released into rivers, soils, and ground water? Very rarely. The Chinese could have opted for clean mining, but chose not to. From one end of the rare metals production line to the other, virtually nothing in China is done according to the most basic ecological and health standards. So as rare metals have become ubiquitous in green and digital technologies, the exceedingly toxic sludge they produce has been contaminating water, soil, the atmosphere, and the flames of blast furnaces — representing the four elements essential to life. The result is that producing rare metals has become one of the most polluting — and secretive — industries in China. (kindle loc 369)

In this way, the book echoes Dani Rodrik's  2007 book about why fundamentally trading with totalitarian government is very different from trading with a democratically elected government:

Think of labor and environmental standards, for example. Poor countries argue that they cannot afford to have the same stringent standards in these areas as the advanced countries... Democratic countries such as India and Brazil can legitimately argue that their practices are consistent with the wishes of their own citizens, and that therefore it is inappropriate for labor groups or NGOs in advacned countries to tell them what standard they should have... But non-democratic countries such as China, do not pass the same prima facie test. The assertion that labor rights and the environment are trampled for the benefit of commercial advantage cannot be as easily dismissed in those countries. Consequently, exports of nondemocratic countries deserve greater scrutiny when they entail costly dislocations or adverse distributional consequences in importing questions.

This is nothing new and hopefully not a controversial statement. What I think is controversial is that this state of affairs cannot change. To some extent the author asserts that it can and must change:

Reopening mines in the West is the best possible decision we can make for the environment. Relocating our dirty industries has helped keep Western consumers in the dark about the true environmental cost of our lifestyles, while giving other nation-states free rein to extract and process minerals in even worse conditions than would have applied had they still been mined in the West, without the slightest regard for the environment. The effects of returning mining operations to the West would be positive. We would instantly realise — to our horror — the true cost of our self-declared modern, connected, and green world. We can well imagine how having quarries ‘in our backyard’ would put an end to our indifference and denial, and drive our efforts to contain the resulting pollution. Because we would not want to live like the Chinese, we would pile pressure onto our governments to ban even the smallest release of cyanide, and to boycott companies operating without the full array of environmental accreditations. (kindle loc 2363)

However, the bulk of the book spends a lot more time on how polluting the situation is, possibly causing some to think that the pollution is required and not really something we can do much about. To some extent, I think there also needs to be an analysis of what the localization of the pollution is. Not every pollutant is a greenhouse gas, where emissions anywhere in the world is detrimental to everyone else. In many cases the pollutant is localized, destroying local water supplies and farming --- it's a tragedy, but I'm afraid the reality of the situation is that the public is unlikely to care very much if the local population (i.e., the Chinese) don't care and would rather have food on the table and die later of cancer than die earlier of starvation.  The author of the book doesn't go into these details and doesn't seem to have done much research about the topic.

I think Volt Rush is the better book, covering much the same topics.

Review: Fire and Hemlock

 Fire and Hemlock is Diana Wynne Jones' mash-up of Tam Lin and Thomas the Rhymer. It's well-written and makes for compelling reading --- I bought it intending to read it on a trip and ended up finishing it (neglecting some library books) before the trip even started!

The plot revolves around Polly Whittacker, who gate-crashes a funeral at the age of 10, meeting Thomas Lynn (the big clue about the mash-up) and ending up in a world-creating pen-pal type relationship. They make up stories RPG-style, and Polly labels herself as an assistant hero.

The POV character, Polly is a great character --- sympathetic and determined. She decides to take her hero ambitions seriously and ends up playing soccer with the boys. She beats up the school bully, taking the inevitable punishments that come with all good deeds. But at the age of 19 she discovers she had two memories --- a memory of a life without Thomas Lynn and one with one. As she unravels the mystery the plot gets going and she takes an active part in trying to rescue her Thomas.

The kindle edition of the book comes with an essay that Diana Wynne Jones gave as a lecture --- it's about the multi-layered construction of the story, and also discusses the nature of heroism in ancient literature. The book's good reading, though I feel the ending was a bit rushed. But the explanation provided by Jones' essay/lecture gives you a good idea of what's going on.

The book's definitely worth reading. It makes me want to go back and re-read Thomas the Rhymer and Tam Lin.

Review: America in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

 America in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era is the great courses lecture series about American history during the period from 1865-1920. In many ways, the period during that time correspond to ours --- dramatically rising inequality, systemic racism, and gradually increasing awareness of the problems of society, and the eternal struggle between the plutocrats and the liberals that battle for the benefits of society.

The lecturer is entertaining, interesting, and selects good topics to cover, while giving a lot of context to the rise of the civil rights movement, as well as the growing abuse of the robber barons. He reminds us that the progressive era ended with a return to power by the plutocrats after world war 1.

I thoroughly enjoyed the review of history and the reminder not to give up hope. The country has been through times that were much tougher and eventually the liberals still managed to eliminate child labor, give us the 5 day work week, and even won women the right to vote. All of those goals looked insurmountable during those times but eventually they happened, though not without violence and sacrifice.

Review: The John Varley Reader

 I'm a fan of earlier John Varley work (his Heinlein pastisches didn't work for me, so I stopped reading his novels after he pivoted to those), so when The John Varley Reader came down to $1.99 for the Kindle I bought it. The book is a collection of his short stories, including the award winning ones like Press Enter. A fair number of them are set in the 8 Worlds series, which is some of the best science fiction you'll ever read (I still love Steel Beach).

Even better than getting to read all these great short stories (including one that was supposed to show up in The Last Dangerous Visions, which never got published), is that each story includes an introduction from Varley, frequently providing context as well as autobiographical information about how he came to write it. I thoroughly enjoyed these vignettes into his past, as well as how extraordinary his writing process is. For instance, while other writers enjoy workshopping their stories, he didn't. He'd write them, revised them, and then send them off.

He even explains the difference between the 8 worlds series and the Anna Louisa Bach stories, so by the time you start a new story you understand which universe you're in, and what to expect. The stories spend a lot of time on gender (since in the 8 worlds you can change your gender on a whim), and understandably many of the themes focus on the role of women in society. But they're good stories first and foremost, not preachy or have obvious plots twisted just to make a point.

I enjoyed the collection and can recommend it.

Review: The Science of Storytelling

 The Science of Storytelling is a book about applied neuroscience. The idea behind the book is to use our knowledge of the past few decades of neuroscience research and apply it to stories and characters, allowing us to analyze successful stories or create new ones. 

Will Storr's thesis is that we are interested in stories because of the main characters in them --- our internal experience of the world is that the kind of people who read novels are well aware that the human experience of the world is governed by an internal model of who we are and how the world works (i.e., how we control the outcome of our environment), and that character-driven stories are about how the character recognizes the flaws or changes of his or her model and either overcomes those flaws (by having an epiphany) or fails to change and get swept away by the resultant events.

Because the story event has been designed to strike at the core of this character’s identity, the thing they need to change is precisely that which is hardest. The flawed models they’re required to shatter run so deep that it takes an act of almost supernatural strength and courage to finally change them for good. (kindle loc 2470)

Storr then applies this approach to many stories (including one of my favorites, The Remains of the Day), and shows how the main characters in them view the world, and the change or epiphany that governs the characters's realization of the flaw in the model, and the outcome.

The curse of belonging to a hyper-social species is that we’re surrounded by people who are trying to control us. Because everyone we meet is attempting to get along and get ahead, we’re subject to near-constant attempts at manipulation. Ours is an environment of soft lies and half smiles that seek to make us feel pleasant and render us pliable. In order to control what we think of them, people work hard to disguise their sins, failures and torments. Human sociality can be numbing. We can feel alienated without knowing why. It’s only in story that the mask truly breaks. To enter the flawed mind of another is to be reassured that it’s not only us. (kindle loc 2642)

 Despite none of the neuroscience in the book being new to me, the application of the character/plot/story model to neuroscience gives me a new tool to analyze novels, and Storr's examples are fun and interesting. The only flaw that I can find in the book is that this tool isn't useful for most of science fiction, for instance, where it's the setting/situation/setup that's interesting and not the characters, nor is it useful for many genres like mystery novels. The author does recognize this limitation, and has an appendix with exercises on the applicability of his theories to those genres, but clearly those don't apply to the examples that he chose to use throughout the book.

Nevetheless, the book was a lot of fun and worth reading.