Review: Abundance

 Abundance is Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson's book about what they called supply-side liberalism. It's an indictment of the systems built in the 1960s and 70s to prevent government abuse that no longer works in today's environments. While the old 1960s liberalism is about being able to sue government in order to stop it from building a freeway through your neighborhood, that same set of rules is now blocking the need to build sufficient housing for people to live in in our most vibrant cities, or green energy projects in order to power the green energy transition:

the story of America in the twenty-first century is the story of chosen scarcities. Recognizing that these scarcities are chosen—that we could choose otherwise—is thrilling. Confronting the reasons we choose otherwise is maddening. We say that we want to save the planet from climate change. But in practice, many Americans are dead set against the clean energy revolution, with even liberal states shutting down zero-carbon nuclear plants and protesting solar power projects. We say that housing is a human right. But our richest cities have made it excruciatingly difficult to build new homes (kindle loc 67)

Worse, the inability of government to deliver needed housing, energy, or transportation projects creates an opening for the right wing to claim that government doesn't work, or that the problem is immigrants coming into the country, or to take an axe to the NIH and NSF in the name of cutting taxes.

political scientists William Howell and Terry Moe write that “populists don’t just feed on socioeconomic discontent. They feed on ineffective government—and their great appeal is that they claim to replace it with a government that is effective through their own autocratic power.”23 In the 2024 election, Donald Trump won by shifting almost every part of America to the right. But the signal Democrats should fear most is that the shift was largest in blue states and blue cities—the places where voters were most exposed to the day-to-day realities of liberal governance. Nearly every county in California moved toward Trump,24 with Los Angeles County shifting eleven points toward the GOP. In and around the “Blue Wall” states, Philadelphia County shifted four points right, Wayne County (Detroit) shifted nine points right, and Cook County (Chicago) shifted eight points right. In the New York City metro area, New York County (Manhattan) shifted nine points right, Kings County (Brooklyn) shifted twelve points right, Queens County shifted twenty-one points right, and Bronx County shifted twenty-two points right.25 Voting is a cheap way to express anger. Moving is expensive. But residents of blue states and cities are doing that, too. In 2023, California lost 342,000 more residents than it gained; in Illinois, the net loss was 115,000; in New York, 284,000.26 In the American political system, to lose people is to lose political power. If current trends hold, the 2030 census will shift the Electoral College sharply to the right; even adding Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin to the states Harris won won’t be enough for Democrats to win future presidential elections. (kindle loc 261)

The book explores housing, energy, our science funding process, and manufacturing. Much of this is driven by the federal government, which obviously the Democrats can do nothing about as long as they're out of power. But local issues like housing and energy can and should be done by blue states, and the authors point out that they need to be done by blue states.

The book has lots of ideas, and is interesting as well as a quick read. The Democrats cannot keep selling pro-illegal immigration, DEI, anti-Asian discrimination, and antisemitic messages as the voters have showed in the last election that they're not buying it. This book provides a playbook for the Democrats for a compelling, non-zero sum vision of the future, if a brave politician would listen. You should read it.

How to buy digital editions of my books

 I finally noticed that the website hosting the purchase links for digital editions of my books went dead. (No thanks to Google)

I've temporarily resurrected them here:

Buy An Engineer's Guide to Silicon Valley Startups $24.95:
Buy Startup Engineering Management: $24.95:
Buy Independent Cycle Touring $9.99:

Review: Normal People

 I don't know how Normal People made it into my borrow list from the library, but when it showed up I read it and found it easily readable and short, so just read it in a few nights.

A combination of a romance and coming of age story, it traces Connell and Marianne, who start the novel as high schoolers and finish the novel having graduated from Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. The story of their on-again/off-again relationship is super-cringe, with you wanting to reach into the page and shake the characters for poor decision making or self-awareness over and over again. For instance, Connell likes Marianne so much that when she suggests that he apply to Trinity College as an English major instead of Galway for Law, he does so. Yet when it comes to the equivalent of the prom he asks some other girl out and is puzzled that Marianne treats this as a rejection, even when his own mother (who cleans the house for Marianne's family) storms out of his car after learning what he did!

Anyway, both characters do incredibly silly things, though Marianne's mistakes are much less dumb than Connell's (though her choice in men other than Connell is very much suspect). The book does a good job of exposing readers to the Irish college system.  For instance, the merit-based scholarship in Trinity is given through a series of exams, and there's no means testing, so even though Marianne is rich she still gets it. This is a far cry from what you see in American universities.

I read the book to the end, but as with much mainstream fiction, scratch my head as to why people think this is particularly good reading. Young people will make mistakes, and care too much about what other people think, and lack self-awareness. At the end of the novel, the characters still lack self-awareness though at least they've realized that they love each other. The whole thing makes me think of mainstream fiction as a dumb genre. It doesn't even have the insights that Ender's Game or A Fire Upon the Deep engenders.

Review: Careless People

 Careless People is Sarah Wynn-Williams' memoir of her time at Facebook as Manager of Global Policy, a position she herself created and pitched at Facebook before becoming an employee. In some ways, it's predictable --- anyone joining an American corporation during these times of end stage capitalism as an idealist is bound to be disappointed. Anyone who read Lean In and not realize it was a propaganda piece written from a place of extreme wealth probably deserved to be disappointed.

One of the lobbyists, a woman in her forties, pulls me aside to say, “Don’t take the book seriously. It’s just a way to make you feel bad about yourself. Which is what Sheryl does.” She thinks I have stars in my eyes. I’m embarrassed to admit that maybe I do, so I just nod.  (kindle loc 1262)

They don’t discuss the real secret behind maintaining their work-life balance, mothering as if they don’t have children: it’s undergirded by their multimillion-dollar paychecks.  (kindle loc 1519)

 Of course top corporate bosses are hypocritical. Of course those people have multiple nannies. And of course, Facebook enabled and embetted extremist politicians getting into power in both the USA and elsewhere. None of this should surprise you. There's a huge section in the book about Facebook's willingness to break all rules of decency to get into China (it failed), but that's consistent with all the lying people inside Google did in order to get Google to invest in China. (And it wouldn't surprise you that most such people would justify it by saying if they didn't lie, someone else would lie and get paid the ginormous amounts of money to do so)

Ultimately, one of the worst things about entering into a free trade agreement with China was that rather than introducing democracy and encouraging public dissent in China like the neo-liberals thought, the Chinese seized on the opportunity to corrupt American public institutions and used them to serve their political purposes. It was definitely not a good trade.

The book has a ton of juicy stuff, including Sandberg's attempts to get the author in bed (literally, not metaphorically) on a transatlantic flight. It included all the crazy events leading to the author's poor performance review at the end that justified her firing (though she must have signed a nondisclosure agreement given that there's no mention of a severance package).

On the one hand, you read this and nod, knowing that Facebook had always been awful. On the other hand, you can't help thinking: "You pitched your dream job. You got it, and you probably were paid extremely well. What made you think you got to be a do gooder at the end as well?" In the end, the book fully justifies the statement I made once that Remains of the Day is still the ultimate silicon valley story. Kill yourself to work for a boss, never take a day off, and then find out in the end that you were working for a Nazi all along. Sounds familiar? It should. The difference is that in 2025, the Careless People won and you have no choice.

Review: Why Your Bike Is Made in Asia

 Why Your Bike Is Made in Asia is Bill McGann's memoir of his career first as a bike shop owner, then as a wholesale distributor (Torelli) importing bicycles from both Asia and Europe. Just like in the auto industry, the bike manufacturing industry in Japan, Taiwan, and China simply out-competed the European manufacturers on price, quality, and sheer industry. (By the way, I only remember the name Torelli because they'd imported some rims that were the worst rims ever made, breaking steel core tire levers trying to get tires off and on rims that were just a little too big)

Overall, the book is easy to read --- I'd bought it and finished it in the same day, starting with the invention of the bicycle and explaining that one reason cycling never took off in the USA was that the tire industry in the US was dominated by a company that refused to manufacture clinchers, ensuring that bicycles in the US were unreliable to the point where people preferred to walk than to ride a bicycle.

The first thing that struck me was that most of the US bike industry was really badly managed. Schwinn, for instance, was in its 3rd generation of being managed by a family member, and of course, its incompetence ensured that it never produced lightweight bicycles to compete with European (and later Asian) imports. The manager suffered severely from Dunning Krueger, and blamed everyone (including his employees who voted to unionized after being treated badly) for his failure. What I wish the book covered was actually the American success stories like Trek and SRAM:

Despite that hiccup, as a result of superb management and a good instinct for what Americans wanted to buy, the Wisconsin company went bravely on without me. Trek went from strength to strength and by the 1990s had far surpassed Schwinn in sales. Trek showed that the failure of American and European producers to compete with Asian factories was not the fault of location or workforce. As is nearly always true, the suits in the upstairs offices were to blame. (kindle lopc 1335)

The American manufacturers that succeeded had to compete against Asians who were cheaper, and Europeans who had a local market where cycling was much more popular, and Bill McGann had no insights to give us as to how they did so. Names were dropped like Jobst Brandt (curiously referred to as a bike historian!) and John Neugent. We read about the invention of Mountain Bikes by Tom Ritchey, Charlie Cunningham, and Joe Breeze, and the rise of Specialized taking over the mountain bike industry. The founder of Specialized, Mike Sinyard, was described as possibly the best businessman in the industry but we also do not get any special insight about why he was so great. Bear in mind the Specialized never manufactured in the US and so his wheelings and dealings to get his bikes imported and sold is a big deal. We also never get into how Quality Bicycle Products (QBP) became so dominant in part supply. We do get a treatise in indexing (which Shimano invented) and praise of it as being super reliable whereas in my personal experience, indexing works for precisely 3 months after which it never works again.

It's clear from reading the book that it has several limitations and gaps that need to be filled in if it's to be more than just a memoir of some bike guy who had next to no influence in the industry but nevertheless managed to acquire quite a bit of wealth doing so.  Nevertheless, it's a short read, and cheap at $4, and if you don't know most of this (which I didn't) is well worth reading.

Review: Rethinking Diabetes

 Rethinking Diabetes is about the history of diabetic treatment, and the various back-and-forths about diet for diabetic patients over the years, pre-insulin and post-insulin.  Pre-insulin type 1 diabetes was pretty much a death sentence, with children not living much past single digit years if at all. Type 1 was mostly unresolved except through a diet that pretty much excludes carbohydrates.

The history of how insulin was invented, and how it effected survival of patients with type 1 diabetes was described. For type-2 diabetics this enabled diabetics to eat carbohydrates. The author spends a lot of time complaining about how this switch was not accompanied by evidence, and how the promulgators of this approach basically used their standing within the medical community to shut down dissent.

In many ways this is a book with an agenda about how the medical community basically ignored the possibility of using a high fat diet to reverse diabetics and reduce insulin needs. To some extent this book is about the history of the keto-style diets and how they eventually came to be embraced despite the opposition of the medical community.

To some extent I think you have to take the book with a grain of salt. Science isn't easy, and if there's anything I've learned from Outlive, it's that the evidence for one diet over another is really slim and not as obvious as say, the dangers from smoking. So it's not through ill intention that the medical community was making high carbohydrate diet the default, but just that nobody really actually knows anything about nutrition.

In any case, I enjoyed the book. It got a bit repetitive at times, and the author seems to believe that the keto diet is the ultimate cure for diabetes. But that might still be a bit too optimistic as variation in human responses to diet seem to swamp our ability to do good studies on nutrition.

Reread: Outlive

 Outlive was onsale for $2 on the Kindle so I bought it and read it again. I keep being surprised at how detailed this book is, with a deep emphasis on long term prevention rather than trying to reverse chronic disease after it happened.

This time, I took action. As recommended, I got my doctor to prescribe me a continous glucose monitor. I'm surprised by how unreliable these devices are, which makes me even more determined to prevent diabetes. If I had to depend on these things to keep myself alive I might not last long!

Needless to say, the book's worth reading a second time. Recommended.

Review: Silca SuperPista Digital Floor Pump

 There was a sale on the SuperPista Digital Floor Pump. While I had a perfectly operational pump, the idea of a pump with a gauge that was accurate and had a reliable pump head was attractive. I bought one since I have multiple bikes in the garage and with the new wider tires and lower pressures in use having an accurate gauge was a good idea and could save time.

The Hiro chuck was a disappointment. It's actually just as finicky or maybe even more so than my older pump heads on the cheap pumps. Here's the deal, when you press it onto a presta head, you have to get it precisely correct. Push it down too far, and the lock won't activate, leading to frustration. Push it down not far enough, and you will get leaks just as with any other pump.

The digital gauge works, and while it reads a consistent 3psi lower than my trusty Topeak Smart Gauge, I can deal with systematic errors, and of course have no way to tell which one is off by 3psi. (I just opt for the higher number, since under inflation has worse consequences than slight over inflation)

So now my inflation trials can go either way. I'll start by grabbing the SuperPista, and if I get frustrated I switch to one of the older pumps. Not the end of the world, but I don't think it's worth full price, or even sale price to get this nice pump unless you have so little room at the spokes that you have to have the Hiro chuck.

Review: Soldier Son Trilogy

Soldier Son Trilogy was on sale for a low price, so I bought it since Robin Hobb had a good reputation Narrated from a first person point of view, the protagonist isn't very likeable, and you frequently want to yell at him to stop ignoring the obvious. 

The worldbuilding is simple: you've got a kingdom that just lost the war and decided to increase the size of its empire by prosecuting a war against nomadic people. They won this war and subjugated the nomads, and Nevare Burvelle is the second son of one of the successful soldiers who got elevated to nobility by the King. Having finished conquering the nomads, the kingdom decides to extend its empire into the forest dominated by the Specks, a hunter-gatherer culture. If all this sounds familiar, it's because the plot is very similar to that of the movie Avatar, with the Western-dominated culture represented by a monarchy rather than by a greedy corporation.

The society is patriarchal, with second sons expected to become soldiers and the narrator buys into all that, never questioning his father, his religion, or his role in life. Then his father has him trained by a one of the subjugated people who introduces him into a shadow world where he gains magical powers but refuses to acknowledge that they exist.

The writing is transparent and easy to read, and the story of Nevare making it to the capital and then getting embroiled in the politics of his world while being in the officer's academy somehow manages to avoid all the cliches. When the climax of the story arrives you're not surprised but the handling of it is great, and maybe even prescient. Neveare even changes his opinions at the end of the book. The series rewards careful reading as casual one liners can take on momentous consequences later on.

The second part of the trilogy is the worst section, as Burvelle's life goes from bad to worse, and he seems even more dense. But at the end of that section he goes natives and joins the Specks to fulfill his destiny as a forest mage destined to save them from the Western agricultural domination-based culture. 

The last book resolves all the issues while giving us a glance at the hunter-gatherer culture. I thought this part was very nicely done, with Burvelle trying to organize the culture and realizing the limits of the egalitarian hunter-gatherer culture and explaining why historically the agricultural patriarchies have always won out over the hunter-gatherers. The magic is never really explained, but the theme here is that you cannot have a partitioned self and expect to fulfill the destiny. The ending is all tied up nicely and a bit pat, but you cannot expect American authors to give you a bittersweet ending.

I enjoyed the series enough to plow through it all within a week, so I can recommend it. It's long and a bit draggy in parts but all in all the transparency made for good reading.

Review: Zatanna

 Zatana was billed as being written by Paul Dini, and she was one of the surviving members of DC universe's magic community after Alan Moore did in her father in Swamp Thing. Paul Dini had a good reputation and more importantly, the book was free on Amazon Prime reads, so I checked it out and read it.

Unfortunately, Zatana's magic lets her get out of many sticky situations without much effort. There's one scene where she gets injured in such a way where she can't speak, and that's about it. I was disappointing that there's really nothing very insightful about any of the stories. They're all light and easy reading, but you never get a deep insight into Zatanna, or even if there are any limits to her magic.

Review: Worlds

 I remember being at a Worldcon where a group of writers talked about fiction vs non-fiction. They asserted that since they wrote fiction, their works would never be obsolete and would sell year after year. Worlds shows how untrue that point of view is.

Worlds is set in a future where artificial satellites ("Worlds") orbit the earth, each a colony of hundreds of thousands. Yet these Worlds are still dependent on the Earth for hydrocarbons for which they exchange power from solar panels in space.

The protagonist, Marianne O'Hara, is a political science student who does a year on Earth in New York. The novel is written in the form of letters from her or entries in her diary. The point of view of the novel is as obsolete as you can get. For instance, the USSR is still in one piece, with several satellite countries and completely intact. Haldeman has his protagonist have to pay to send letters to her friends and lovers in space. She even buys the New York Times for $5 a copy to read on a transatlantic visit.

Similarly, New York City is just as dangerous in the far future as it was in the 1970s, with rape and murder a common occurrence. Haldeman couldn't imagine a future in which New York City was actually a safe place to visit.

As the plot unfolds, we finish the book with the Earth embroiled in a nuclear war, with plague weapons unleashed, while the remaining Worlds remain mostly intact despite sustaining damage. The writing is classic Haldeman, transparent and easy to read, but it's quite clear that science fiction becomes just as obsolete as any work of science writing or other non fiction.

Review: Batman/Catwoman

 Batman/Catwoman was on sale at a reasonable price, and I bought it hoping that it would be a great graphic novel. (Tom King's gotten many accolades for his handling of Batman)

The story flips between multiple timestreams. You have a future timestream when Batman/Bruce Wayne is dead, and his daughter Helena is Batwoman. You never really see Batwoman catching criminals or fighting criminals. She obviously has a beef with her mother, Selina Kyle, and spends a lot of time fighting with her.

Then there's the timeline of the past, when Catwoman/Selina has met Batman/Bruce Wayne, but they're not married yet. We get to see multiple pursuits, some sex, and a wedding ceremony, and even a bit about Helena's upbringing. Yet there's something missing --- we never see why Selina holds out on the Joker. We never even see what her motivation is for helping the Joker.

Finally, we get to see Selina's origins. Again, there's a shallowness there. We never see why she becomes a burglar. And given that she's actually good at her job, we don't see why she's still a burglar after all these years. Even more important, there's a central event in the story (one where Robin chases her down for) and we never get to see it. It's forever alluded to, never revealed, and never shown.

I'm glad I paid very little for this book. It's a lot of teasing, not a lot of showing.

Review: Navaris Long Handle Ti Spork

 My go-to freeze-dried backpacking meals are the Mountain House pouches. The flavors are usually decent, and the cooking easy. The pouches also double as eating bowls so you can reduce the amount of silverware you have to carry.

The biggest problem with the pouches is that regular length silverware can't reach deep into the pouch. So you end up with greasy, dirty hands at the end of the meal. When I saw the Navaris Long Handle Ti Spork, I knew this was what I'd wanted. At $10/spork, it's cheap enough to outfit a family of 4. They're light (hey, it's Ti), and come with a pouch so that you can keep the spork away from other dirty stuff in your backpack. The long handle ensures you can get every last calorie out of those expensive Mountain House pouches without getting your hands dirty.

There's nothing else I want out of sporks. Get these.

Review: GTYOPR Collapsible Cups and Bowls

 I've long been a fan of the snapfold cups, bowls, and dishes that Arturo was using on camping trips. They were really light, easy to clean, and seemed to work very well. But I was not a fan of the prices. At $17 a set, that was a lot of money for something that Arturo told me wasn't going to last.

I found an equivalent on AliExpress, but (1) the shipping took forever, and (2) what arrived wasn't what was described. Instead of a set, I got 4 of the same type. That's what you get for trusting AliExpress.  Luckily, it was the holidays and for $16 I ordered a dozen of the items I was missing from Amazon, a brand called GTYOPR. With Amazon shipping, it was fast and even better, I was protected if they didn't ship me what I wanted. It's no longer the holidays and that maker is no longer selling, but there are equivalent still available like ChenShuo.

During the Kepler track hike, at the various huts, once in a while someone would ask me about them, because they looked so light, so easy to use, and easily flattened, taking no space in your backpack. Fozzils (the guys who invented the Snapfold concept) needs to stop being greedy and just realize that a product that's not made to last (and has plenty of Chinese competitors) isn't going to sell. I would have been willing to pay a premium to support the inventors, but a 4x premium is ridiculous.

Review: Justice (DC Graphic Novel)

 DC put a bunch of graphic novels on sale, and I noted that I'd never read Justice before, and the artist was Alex Ross, which made it a buy for me.

The opening of the novel is fantastic. The villains of the world got together and announced that while the superheroes have focused on fighting super-villains and preserving status quo, they'd never done anything to improve things that matter to ordinary people, like cure diseases or build housing for the homeless. And they proceed to do that, creating a miracle cure and offering the poorest the opportunity to move into newly built cities.

Of course, this being a graphic novel, the superheroes soon discover that it's a scam (how could it be otherwise?). The plot is convoluted, and we get a few interesting fights (far fewer than you would expect), but in the end our heroes prevail and we discover who the master villain is, as the various super-villains in the DC universe could never expect to cooperate with each other.

Unfortunately, the novel never grants our heroes the epiphany that they could make the world a much better place than just by preserving the status quo. In fact, at the end of the story we return to status quo, which makes it quite unsatisfying.

Re-read: Kingdom Come

 Kingdom Come is Alex Ross's beautifully painted story set in the future of the DC Universe that's non-canon. In this world, public opinion turned against the superhumans, forcing Superman to retreat to his farm and Batman's secret identity to be exposed.

Years later, we see that the effect of that superhuman ban is that the non-law-abiding superhumans have effectively created havok. Wonder Woman persuades Superman to come out of retirement, and he embarks on a war to bring those unruly humans back into prison.

Things go wrong, of course, as Lex Luthor and Bruce Wayne team up to keep Superman from becoming a dictator for the world. Of course, things don't go as they might seem, and we get a big fight in the end. We get apocalyptic visions, and of course the supernatural parts of the DC universe (Specter and Deadman) come into play.

You cannot beat Alex Ross's art. It is fantastic and a feast for the eyes. The plot is so-so, but as a result of the story not being canon, it gets to play games with the ending that you wouldn't expect. If only Wonder Woman could talk Alan Moore into coming out of retirement to work in comics again. Then we'd get great stories along with great art. But as a book, this one was decent fun. I even liked the ending.

Review: Jellyfish Age Backwards

 Jellyfish Age Backwards is a survey about the various state of our understanding about longevity and methods about preventing aging. It probably doesn't descibe anything you don't already know: eat less, eat more vegetables, exercise more, and supplements may have side effects that are actually deleterious to your health.

One thing that I did learn is that it might be a good thing to give blood on a frequent basis. That drains iron from your body and apparently excess iron is a bad thing.  It turns out that like everything else, the human body was designed to withstand minor injury and build back better, so this counter-intuitive action helps more than it hurts.

By and large, progress in various drugs, etc to improve lifespan have not panned out and has not worked. Progress is slow despite huge amounts of money being put into it. This book is a reminder of how hard won even those meagre gains are. Treasure your health while you have it, because history suggests once you lose it we don't really know how to get it back.

Review: Twitter and Tear Gas - The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest

 All through the COVID19 pandemic, Zeynep Tufekci was one of the smartest voices in the various places she was published in. Her article in the Atlantic was one of the first to recognize that unlike conventional wisdom, COVID19 was spread through aerosols. Despite her book, Twitter and Tear Gas, being only available in legacy format as a hardcover at the library, I placed a hold on it, checked it out, and read it.

I've long had a low opinion of Twitter (even before Elon Musk bought it), and I maintain that having one social network is all anyone ever really needs. I've tried and bounced off instagram, threads, and various others, and my BlueSky account is sadly neglected.

Tufekci explicates the reason that Twitter was used during the Arab Spring and had the ability to topple dictators. Unlike Facebook, which required consent on both sides before one person could read posts by the other, the default on Twitter was world readable. This allowed activists to @mention people who could reshare their point of view. She describes in great detail how 4 remote activists (who weren't activists before the event) worked on logistics to supply a field hospital during one of the Arab Spring protests that occupied a city square. The logistics were conducted using Google Sheets, while they managed to get everyone to tweet at them what they needed or what they could supply. It was amazing to watch.

I thoroughly enjoyed the discussion of how social media like Twitter and Facebook enabled information cascades that made people willing to go to a protest. There's a great exploration of why people join in person protest --- it's an entrance into the kind of world that people dream about. She describes a world in which kindness is the norm, where transactional relationships don't happen. One woman describes falling asleep at a park bench, and waking up to discover not only was her phone sitting next to her not stolen, someone had wrapped a blanket around her.

There's the dark side of social organization over the internet through Twitter, etc. Tufekci contrasts the civil rights movement with the Arab Spring or the Occupy Wall Street movements. By the time the bus boycotts in Montgomery or the Civil Rights Marches had happened, the organizations involved had spent years building up their organizations, negotiating on directions, agreeing on leaders, and setting up trust between the rank and file and the representatives. That gave them the ability to pivot and make decisions quickly when things were going their way, and also gave them obvious representatives for the establishment to work with in order to get what they wanted, both politically and socially.

By contrast, the Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street movements were essentially flash mobs organized through consensus. Their marches and occupations were huge, but they entered what Tufekci calls Tactical Freeze, where they had nowhere to go when the establishment tried to negotiate and try to give them what they want, because they didn't know what they wanted, and they couldn't agree on a process to come to any agreement. In fact, the Occupy Wall Street movement explicitly didn't want any leaders or representation. Tufekci points out that this isn't completely irrational. Not having leaders meant that the government/opposition couldn't just murder somebody and stop the movement cold. Nor could the leaders be bought off or corrupted if there wasn't any leadership. But in the case of the Arab Spring many of those movements succeeded in toppling a regime only to find them replaced by an equally brutal one because there was no organization in place to put in a better regime. In the case of the Occupy Wall Street movement, Tufekci descibes an incident in which John Lewis (of the Civil Rights Movement) wanted to come and give a speech to support them, and mendacious facilitator manipulated the crowd into disallowing him, even though only one person objected to Lewis giving a speech. That kind of behavior led to the Occupy Wall Street movement not having any friends.

The modern successful movement that organized via social media turned out to be the Tea Party. Following the protests, they had an organization (probably funded by the rich people who stand to benefit from this) that worked within the political system to get lower taxes.

The book ends with the modern reaction to social media generated protest movements. The status quo establishment learned that attempting to censor the internet (unless you're China) doesn't work. Instead, however, you can (in Steve Bannon's words) "flood the zone with shit." Misinformation, distraction, and cries of "Fake News", it turns out is a very effective way to dilute the credibility of activists or people working against a dictator or corrupt regime. Tufekci points out that even China doesn't censor criticism of the government. Instead, their army of propagandists simply flood the internet with unrelated stories to drown out the criticism.

I'm usually proud of myself for saving money by checking a book out of the library instead of paying for it. In this case I feel like a dummy lamb. I should have bought it for the kindle because I would have highlighted so much of this book and been able to quote it on this review. Next time I want to read this book I won't be so dumb. I'll just go out and buy it.

Review: EOS EF-M 55-200 4.5-6.3 IS STM

 The thing with the Pixel Pro 8 and 9 is that the phone cameras are now so good that pulling out a bigger mirrorless camera is more cumbersome while hiking. On top of that, the dumb camera makers took out what I consider essential features like GPS-tagging, so I felt punished every time I took a picture, got home, and then wanted to know where that photo came from. For an experiment I tried using the Canon Connect app to log a hike and map it back to the photos using a plugin, and it ate up a good 50% of the phone's battery for a 5 hour hike!

For anything beyond the 5X optical zoom on the Pixel 8 Pro, however, the EOS M5 still had a purpose, but I wasn't enjoying carrying the bulk of my EF-S 55-250 plus the EF-M adapter! I thought about buying a whole new camera and setup, but of course, newer cameras aren't supported by my Lightroom 6 perpetual license, and nothing is easily available for less than $2000, which is quite expensive for something that gets used only for special occasion.

So I bit the bullet and bought an EF-M 55-200 from eBay. It cost $255, which felt expensive for a used lens, but after selling the EF-S 55-250 for $100 on eBay, it didn't feel too bad. I ended up saving 240g for about $155, and the reduced bulk also made the camera far easier to carry on a Peak Design Camera Clip. 

The lens is sharp and the resulting photos are very impressive. Some day I may upgrade my camera gear, but as one of my friends pointed out, the EOS-M setup is probably the most bang for the buck today in photography gear, mainly because it's been orphaned! 

2025 New Zealand: January 5th - Epilogue & Conclusions

 It was raining by the time we put everything in the car and drove up to refuel it. Arriving at the airport, we found the New Zealand checkin counter. We got our bags checked all the way into San Francisco and then bought some more chocolate and ate breakfast before going through the very understated and uncrowded security line for the flight to Auckaland.

In Auckland, however, things were super confusing—the international terminal necessitated that we walk out of the domestic terminal we were in and then redo our checkin. Fortunately, Xiaoqin found someone who whisked us right to the front of the Fiji Airways domestic counter who re-issued our boarding passes after the passport check, and then told us that since we were frequent flyers we could board immediately after the first class passengers.

The flight to Nadi was easy, but then there was awful long wait at the Nadi airport. It was 10:00pm and late before we were boarded. I must have slept a bit during the flight home because it didn’t seem that long. We picked up our baggage from the carousel with no problems, zipped through customs and border patrol because of the MPC app (even faster than the folks who were waiting in line for their global entry interview) and were soon at home. Our trip was over.

Conclusions

A lot of Americans like New Zealand. My conclusion is that much like Australia and the USA, it’s a country where there’s no public transit and you have to drive everywhere, so that makes Americans feel comfortable. The scenery is gorgeous, as expected, and I wish we’d had more time to visit places like Abel Tasman National Park, and obviously the system for getting Great Walks definitely makes planning a New Zealand trip a factor in how good you are at getting through their DOC system.