First Impressions: Dell XPS 13 9380

My lifestyle doesn't actually demand a laptop, so I was happy to hang on to my ancient X201 and even replace the keyboards 2 or 3 times whenever Bowen destroyed them. Even when the device went missing, I resisted replacing it. Finally, there was a 15% coupon which stacked with a $150 rebated on an already discounted Dell XPS 13 9380, which I then jumped on at an after-tax price around $750 or so.

If you look around on the internet, you'll see that most reviews of this Dell laptop are of the fully-loaded configuration (i7, 16GB RAM, and 512TB or more of storage, and a 4K touchscreen display). Dell wants the reviewers to say nice things about the device, and of course, sending the highest end SKU for review is necessary because reviewers are used to reviewing high end devices and will benchmark the device against other similarly configured laptops.

Here's why these SKUs are a very bad deal, at least in this model: most thin and light laptops are thermally throttled --- the CPU overheats and then the speed of the i7 drops down to that of the i5 anyway. Even worse, the 4K touch screen drains the battery life, and for me anyway, the whole point of a laptop is for disconnected operation. I have a real desktop at home for serious compute tasks, and the laptop is meant to provide a mobile lightroom editing machine on-the-go for maximizing the use of my time on a plane. I've discovered that while 8GB is pushing it for Lightroom, an extra 8GB would cause me to have to opt for higher end configurations with corresponding decreases in battery life and weight which I am not willing to put up with.

To my surprise, the Dell XPS 13 9380 clocks in at 1168g, or 2.47 pounds, much lighter than the mainstream reviewer's unit weight of 2.7 pounds (probably caused by the touch screen, since Intel CPUs don't increase in weight when you buy an i7 vs i5!). My most common use case in Lightroom is flipping between photos trying to decide which one to pick, and I tried that against my i7-7700k desktop and the two were similar enough in performance that I couldn't tell. (Keep in mind that my i7/GTX 1070 device was pushing 4K pixels while the XPS 13 was only pushing 1080p, so these results aren't as surprising as you might imagine) The power pack weighs in at 144g, and the USA 3-prong plug comes in at 79g, so the total travel weight of the laptop is around 3 pounds. Most of the mainstream reviewers don't even weigh the power adapter, mostly because they're not as weight conscious as I need to be. I'm sure there's a lighter adapter that can charge this device somewhere around, since the Dell adapter is rated at 45W, which seems overkill (though it should charge the laptop in an hour or so). A 20W adapter would take longer but might be much lighter.

The keyboard is very good: much better than the recent Macbook keyboards that I've used recently, which have too little travel to be satisfying for a touch typist. The keyboard does squeak occasionally, which can be annoying, but overall, I'm surprised by how little I miss the X201's keyboard, which was the selling point of the Lenovo Thinkpad series for me. Similarly, I was surprised by how nice the precision touchpad was to use. I still prefer the thinkpad nubbin for precise text editing, but nobody's about to sell me an X1 Carbon with quad core processor for $750.

Battery life is outstanding. For mixed mode use (writing the past 4-5 entries on this blog, including photo selection/placement, interruption by Facebook/Hangouts, etc), 4 hours of use would drop the battery by 30%. A 12 hour battery life for normal use is definitely not hyperbole. Of course, with intensive Lightroom use, I expect the battery life to drop by 50%, which is still acceptable.

All in all, I'm impressed by this laptop. I wish I had it in Spain, which is as high a praise as you'll find from me.

June 6-8: Shasta and Scotts Valley Loop

Thursday morning was significantly colder than the day before, so we took our time getting ready and only left at 9:40am. There was rain in the forecast but we got lucky and saw no sign of rain other than an occasional damp road. Arturo hadn't brought his saddlebag, but I had a brand new Revelate saddlebag that I loaned him, and he would like it so much that I gave it to him, not having any possibility of doing a bike tour on my single bike any time in the near future.

The city of Shasta was at 3800', which meant that going to Shasta Valley was a fast descent that didn't need any brakes. That would be the theme of the entire trip: the area was blessed with swooping, gentle descents that never provided any technical challenge. On a single bike I probably would have been bored, but on a tandem it's great to achieve high speeds without any effort.

Once in the valley floor, the views opened up, with Mt. Shasta the volcano dominating the landscape with its beautiful, snow-covered peak. This was "Big Sky" country, and I had explain to Bowen the concept because of course through all the touring we had done we had never traversed this type of terrain before! Cars came at the rate of one every 30 minutes or so, which explained why Mike tended to ride in the middle of the lane or even on the other side! "You should tour in England, Mike, you're already riding like you're there!"

Past the town of Gazelle, the road turned up towards Callahan and we switched to our low gear. The road was lonely and it was cool, so for a change I could work as hard as I liked. At one point we stopped and a rally/race with fast cars came past us at speed. Fortunately, we were off the road but after that the wind grew as we approached the summit and we put on more clothing again for the descent.

The descent was interrupted by a short climb up to Callahan at 47 miles, where Arturo and Mike had already ordered lunch for us. After lunch it was a mere 15 miles to Etna, where we had pre-booked the last room in the affordable Etna motel. Mike asked for the reason why a motel in the middle of nowhere was booked in the middle of the week and the manager said it'd been like that all summer and was projected to get worse, as one of the motorcycling magazines had named Etna a destination for one of the coming issues!

We did laundry (this being a 3 night tour, this was the only night of laundry we needed to do), and Mike and Arturo flipped a Euro coin to decide who got to sleep on the floor, and Arturo lost. We had dinner at the Denny Bar, a distillery/restaurant that served a very expensive lobster Mac & Cheese that Bowen devoured, guarding it jealously against all attempts to taste it. I had the short ribs which looked tiny but turned out to be quite a hefty portion.

Etna to Yreka in a straight line was only twenty-odd miles, but Mike wanted to show us the Quartz Valley loop, so away we went! It was a day with quite a bit of headwind, and to my surprised that headwind came from the front no matter which direction we faced!

The area was mostly composed of flat farmland interrupted by Mugginsville (notable only because of the name) and an Indian reservation.

Exceptionally for California, the roads were in excellent condition, so much so that at one point when Bowen saw patches on the ground where the road had been repaired he asked to get off and examine it because it looked still wet!

Having satisfied my little scientist's curiosity, we rode on to Fort Jones where Dave's place provided hefty hamburgers that to my surprised, I could eat and still not feel too stuffed to climb! Bowen had been complaining of his aching butt all morning, so I declined the dirt alternative to Yreka. While he and I had ridden much longer days in the Alps, with much more climbing, the little towns in the Alps are spaced together nicely, providing a playground stop every hour or so. No such luck in the isolated parts of California, where most playgrounds appeared to be people's backyards.

The climb reminded me why I told Mike to buy the European version of the Garmin 1030 because touring in America sucks. The climb over Forest Mountain summit (4097) therefore came only after a few rude drivers, unrelenting sun, and of course, a litany of complaints from Bowen: having been spoiled by much prettier mountains in the past, he wasn't happy to endure this road just for the descent.

The descent when it came was a relief. Like all other descents in the area, you could ride it with no brakes though our pannier slowed us like an air dam. We arrived a good half hour before Arturo and Mike, but only because they stopped at a coffee shop to celebrate. Bowen made me stop at a fruit stand for some mediocre fruit, but the motel let me check in using Arturo's reservation. Arturo said he had to walk and I would have had to walk a lot more because the off-road route wasn't very tandem friendly. I was glad I made the decision to short-cut the route.

Dinner was at Jefferson Roadhouse. I had such a huge lunch that I opted for a salad and the fish frenzy instead, and still couldn't finish the meal.
Bowen woke up on our last morning of touring complaining about missing his bunny. "Today you'll get to see your bunny, because we're riding back to Mike's house!" We had the hotel breakfast, while Mike and Arturo went to the Black Bear Diner. The hotel breakfast was surprisingly rich, with eggs, bananas, apples, and even good yogurt! When Arturo and Mike got back we departed north-east in order to get to more isolated roads back to Shasta.

The views were once again sensational, and the isolated roads very pleasant, granting us 2 cars per hour, if that. In the town of Montague, we were offered a chance to extend the route by 15 miles, but Bowen was hurrying to see his bunny and was already saddle sore, so I opted to short cut the route by going straight to Grenada to pick up the rest of the route.

In Grenada we turned under the I-5 again, and once again got vast expansive views of Shasta and the surrounding country side. Traffic was light and it wasn't too hot, but I knew that this ride had most of the climbing back loaded, as the valley was at 2000 feet and Shasta was at 3800'. Fortunately, this part of the ride had very gentle climbing spread over a fairly large distance.

We re-entered the town of Gazelle and suddenly the road look familiar to me. We ate most of the food we brought with us (with the lone exception of the hotel pastry, which Bowen declared to be too sweet!), digging into our store of clif bars. At the intersection with I-5 and Old Stage Road, we took a break. Right after the break, a little dog ran out of a fenced area, jumped over the concertina wires, and began chasing us! Bowen with the dog on his heels put in some power and we gained some real speed to outpace him until we were out of his territory.

From there on, the climb to Shasta began a series of stair step climbs, with the steep parts between 10-11% grade. It was all manageable on the tandem, but by the time I got to downtown I was famished. I made the mistake of buying lunch in town at the Bistro which took 15 minutes to get everything ready. That made my legs stiff and I had to climb the last 4 blocks to Mike's house feeling like someone strapped splints to my legs. But we got back about half an hour ahead of the single bikes and Bowen immediately ran into the house to get his stuffed bunnies, worried that the cats in the house might actually consider them prey. What a great pre-tour checkup ride for our upcoming adventure!

June 3-5: Kayaking and Camping

We arrived at Mike's beautiful house in Mt. Shasta in the late afternoon on Monday after a long drive. We unloaded the bikes and other non-related camping gear as we would need 2 cars for the shuttle.  On the morning of the 4th, Mike suggested that we go for a short walk at the head waters of the Sacramento river. It was amusing to see the signs warning people that the waters had not been tested for potability, while people filled up huge barrels of drinking water:

The views of Mt. Shasta were quite stunning, as it was easily the tallest peak in the area, with few other peaks to offset it.

After that, we went back to Mike's house to get all the materials settled for our kayaking adventure. Mike prudently suggested that we go to the local lake to practicing flipping the boat and getting back in before we tried it on real white water. This also gave us a chance to sort out all our equipment, including neoprene pants for me, a life jacket and helmets for each of us, and deciding between the tandem kayak and the single. That latter was a tough decision, as a tandem kayak would enable Bowen to feel like he was contributing, but a single kayak was much more maneuverable, and as a neophyte I expected to need all the maneuverability I could find.

Bowen after some thinking decided that the single kayak would go, so we loaded all the kayaks into Mike's car and drove down to the lake. It was pretty amazing that we could fit all that into his car, but inflatable kayaks roll up just like sleeping pads, and were light enough that each person could carry one (excepting Bowen).

After the inflation, Bowen and I got into the water and paddle around a bit. The boat felt cramped, because Bowen's helmet-encrusted head was basically in my lap, making paddling awkward, but after some practice I discovered I could even paddle into a stiff wind! We practiced turning circles and then with some help, practiced flipping the kayak, flipping it back upright while we were in the water, and getting back in.  I was impressed by how stable the kayak was, and saw that it would take quite a bit to flip it. Bowen yelped and screamed a bit when we first hit the water, but by the second time we practiced this, he stayed calm and hung on to the boat while I flipped it, swam to the other side, got in, and then helped him in. Arturo's boat drifted from him in the wind and we helped pushed the boat back to him while he practiced the self-rescue.

After that, we had a sandwich lunch and then repacked everything for the camping trip, but first visiting the local fish hatchery, which apparently used to have bread you could feed the fishes but we had arrived too late as it was locked!

Tree of Heaven campground was right next to the Klamath river, and was conveniently where we were going to put-in the next morning. It was cooking hot when we arrived, around 90F but we had plenty to do, picking campsites, pitching tents, setting up the hammock, and then scouting the river so Mike could tell us what to expect the next day.

That evening, a deer visited us, and Bowen got his customary marshmallow. It was so warm that I eschewed putting up a rain fly and opted to sleep with my sleeping bag open, since it was forecast to be 60F even at night, and I had brought far too warm a sleeping bag for the conditions.

The next morning, after setting up the kayaks again and setting up the shuttle, we embarked on our adventure. I asked if the seat on my kayak could be moved back because I'd felt cramped the day before and after help from both Mike and Arturo I managed to do so. We did a test put-in and it felt much better, vindicating all the time and effort.

The actual river was far more challenging and exciting than the lake and my previous white-water trips. Being on a kayak is like being on a bicycle, while being on a paid rafting trip on a highwater raft was like being in a bus. The difference in experience cannot be over-stated. "The water is much higher with faster flow than in previous years, which will make some things a lot easier!"

Indeed, the first couple of rapids were fast but felt completely manageable in our new configuration. Water did flood into the kayak as we crested waves, but other than making Bowen yelp with cold, it wasn't an unpleasant experience and the feeling of control vs a traditional raft was exhilarating. Mike suffered a deflation event when something he wore snagged open a valve, so we put in to fix the flat.

Despite the cold, Bowen was committed to finishing the entire trip, and was really starting to enjoy it! "Can we do this again tomorrow?" "Well, tomorrow it'll be cold and we're going to do a bike tour." "Aw..."

During one of the rapids (I think it was called school house), we got stuck on a rock! Arturo passed us and saw us, but couldn't do anything to help. After trying to rock the kayak forward I gave up, got out of the kayak, and pushed, being careful to get in before the kayak was taken by the waves! It was a nerve-wracking experience, but I figured anything was better than being stuck there all day. Bowen whooped with joy, and the last couple of fast rapids were bigger and better than anything we had faced all day, but our experience meant that we were able to do it without problems. When the end came it came much faster than expected, and we finished the trip in style, landing our kayaks easily and celebrating.

I had neglected to start my watch until 3 miles into the trip, but it was great. Arturo said he wasn't happy with his previous white water experiences but this was an order of magnitude better and more exciting. We ate lunch in Yreka after picking up Arturo's car, and then went back to Mike's house to prepare for the next days' bike tour.

Index Page for Shasta Trip 2019

From June 3rd to June 9th 2019, Arturo Crespo, Bowen and I took up Mike Sojka's generous offer to visit him and stay at his house while doing some white water kayaking and a short bike tour. This is the index page for the full length trip report.

Photo Album

Photo Links:

• 2019 Shasta Trip Photo Album

Trip Report

• June 3-5: Kayaking and Camping Trip
• June 6-8: 3 Day Shasta and Scotts Valley Loop

Review: Stuff Matters

Stuff Matters is a book about materials science. It's written by a materials scientist, yet strives to be eminently readable and non-technical. This is both a good and a bad thing. It's a good thing in that anyone can read this book and come away with a good understanding of how important material science is. It's a bad thing in that all the theories and technical ideas have been hand-waved away, so I ended up learning less than I thought I would from the book.

Early on, the book explains that materials science is largely about the electrons in the material, and how they form clouds which enable conduction or impede the flow of electrons as insulators do. But beyond that, there's no sense of how for instance, you would use this information to invent new materials.

I did enjoy all the explanations of the difference between chocolate and cocoa, and why only the temperate regions tend to be the large consumers of chocolate.

In a list of the countries with the highest consumption of chocolate, Switzerland comes top, followed by Austria, Ireland, Germany, and Norway. In fact, sixteen of the twenty countries with the highest chocolate consumption are Northern European. (In America, chocolate is more popular as a flavor than as a bar, with more than half the population saying they preferred chocolate drinks, cakes, and biscuits than any other flavor.) Given the reputation of chocolate as a substitute for sex, it is tempting to draw all sorts of cultural conclusions from this correlation. But there is another possible explanation for the high chocolate consumption in these countries, which is also associated with temperature. In order to transform from a solid to a liquid easily within the mouth, chocolate requires a fairly cool ambient temperature. In a climate that is too warm, chocolate will either melt on the shelf or need to be put in the fridge, which defeats the purpose entirely—cold chocolate gets swallowed before it’s had a chance to melt. (This problem may explain, perhaps, why the Mesoamericans, who first invented chocolate in the tropics, never created a solid bar but consumed it only as a drink.) Moreover, if solid chocolate is exposed to temperatures above 20°C, as a result perhaps of being left in the sun or in a hot car, it undergoes fundamental changes of structure. The changes can be spotted immediately because they result in “bloom”: fat and sugars migrate to the surface of the chocolate and form a whitish crystalline powder, often with a river mark pattern. (Pg. 88)

Other great stories in the book involve concrete, graphene, including other forms of carbon such as diamonds, coal, etc. That I found fascinating, including the discussion about how long it took for carbon fiber to gain adoption in the aerospace industry.

The stories about steel was also interesting. In fact, the whole book is great, especially the details about how steel reinforced concrete works, and the possibility of self healing concrete. There's a lot in this book, so despite the lack of technical details I can recommend it for reading.

Review: The Weather Detective

The Weather Detective is a bit of a bait and switch. I checked it out hoping that it would actually tell me more about weather prediction from a naturalist point of view (rather than just reading weather forecast), but within 40% of the book the topic had shifted entirely into gardening!

But then I read the passage about hailstones and how hail was formed to Bowen and he said: "This is the coolest book ever!" Then I realized that because of my never wanting to spend any time gardening, this book had lots of information that I didn't know about. For instance:

Across Europe, the Earth is no longer in its natural state. Before being settled by humans, the landscape was dense with primeval forests. The closed, dense tree cover was the best possible protection for the fine, loose soil, and all processes took place at a slow and moderate pace under the canopy of beech, oak, or ash. Humans removed this protective layer around their growing settlements by clearing vast tracts of woodland. But this is not all: the early farmers left an indelible mark on the soil when their oxen pulled wooden plows, dragging the topsoil into ridges and furrows. These plows turned over a very shallow layer of soil, no more than 8 inches. The soil below this was smeared by the plow, resulting in a clogged-up layer called the plow sole, blocking the pores in the earth and stopping air and water from seeping through. This effectively suffocated the soil life beneath this layer and meant water could not be fully absorbed after heavy rain. The result was a bathtub effect: after rainfall everything was submerged, whereas in dry periods no moisture could be drawn up from below. Shepherds and goatherds have also wreaked havoc with their livestock over the ages. The surface of the ground has been beaten down by the animals’ hooves, causing further damage to the pores through successive layers all the way to the surface.  (Kindle Loc 1382)

There's a ton of stuff about bird migration, the life of underground tunneling creatures and it dispelled some of my misconceptions about fertilizers and how they work (they don't work by adding nutrients to the soil), and why you shouldn't use too much (and it's not about run-off, it's about the plants growing too tall and then getting squashed by inclement weather).

All in all, I ended up reading the whole thing and not resenting any of the gardening tips. Maybe I'll check out the author's more famous book: the hidden life of trees.

Review: Six Easy Pieces

Six Easy Pieces is a selection of lectures from the Feynman Lectures on Physics. The "easy" part is basically a reference to the lack of math in these and that they can be understood without reference to many of the other sections in the lectures. I was very entertained by the preface, where it was mentioned that while it was intended to be an introductory class, undergraduates kept dropping out but the lecture hall remained full because graduate students and other faculty members started attending!

I enjoyed the introduction, which I thought was a good example of scientific deduction: once you know everything is made out of atoms, here's how you build upon that knowledge. The remaining sections deal with the relation of physics to the other sciences, the conservation of energy, gravitation, the history of physics, and Quantum mechanics.

All the examples are lucid, with a unique view of the systems involved that's different from the typical dry textbook examples, and the quantum behavior chapter in particular takes away all the hocus pocus stuff about observers and basically casts quantum behavior as viewed from an experimental point of view.

Looking at the collected lectures, I can see that there are many chapters which start with differential equations and just roll on from there, so I can see why these chapters were picked out of the entire lecture series. But maybe I should go ahead and try working through the actual lectures to see if my "A" levels "D" was a matter of both immaturity and the inability of my high school physics lecturer to get through to me.

In any case, the book comes recommended and is short and well worth your time to read.

Review: BONMIXC Bike Bell

I don't have any bicycle bells on any of my single bikes, but of course, bells are an important accessory for kids, and Boen started asking for them. I searched Amazon for a bunch, and ran across the BONMIXC bell, which looked simple, easy to install and mount, and might actually make more noise than the dainty Crane Suzu bell that came on my wife's bike.

I was correct on all counts. When it arrived, it took all of 5 minutes to install, 2 of which were spent walking to the mail box and unwrapping the package. It even came with a handy allen wrench so I didn't have to fish one out of the tool-kit. After installing I was astonished by how loud the bell was. Once Bowen tried it, he insisted on getting an identical one to replace his dinky bell. I'm going to regret this because the kids are sure to make a racket.

Needless to say, I bought another one to satisfy Bowen. It's rare that something this cheap outperforms the other high quality "Made in Japan" stuff on Amazon. Recommended.

Review: Gulp

Gulp is Mary Roach's book about your eating and digestive system. It's informative,  humorous, and more than a little gross. It taught me lots that I didn't know, though some of it is just what you might expect:

 The students, most of whom have several years’ experience in the industry, are asked to rank six wines, their labels hidden by—a nice touch here—brown paper bags. All are wines Wagner himself enjoys. At least one is under $10 and two are over $50. “Over the past eighteen years, every time,” he told me, “the least expensive wine averages the highest ranking, and the most expensive two finish at the bottom.” In 2011, a Gallo cabernet scored the highest average rating, and a Chateau Gruaud Larose (which retails from between $60 and $70) took the bottom slot. Unscrupulous vendors turn the situation to their advantage. In China, nouveau-riche status-seekers are spending small fortunes on counterfeit Bordeaux. A related scenario exists here vis-à-vis olive oil. “The United States is a dumping ground for bad olive oil,” Langstaff told me. It’s no secret among European manufacturers that Americans have no palate for olive oils. (Pg 20)

The section on organ meat is great:

 The top slot on the CSPI scorecard, with 172 points, is beef liver. Chicken liver and liver sausage took second and third place. A serving of liver provides half the RDA for vitamin C, three times the RDA for riboflavin, nine times the vitamin A in the average carrot, plus good amounts of vitamins B12, B6, and D, folic acid, and potassium. What’s the main ingredient in AFB’s dog-food palatants? “Liver,” says Moeller. “Mixed with some other viscera. The first part that a wild animal usually eats in its kill is the liver and stomach, the GI tract.” (pg 44)

 Organs are so vitamin-rich, and edible plants so scarce, that the former are classified, for purposes of Arctic health education, both as “meat” and as “fruits and vegetables.” One serving from the Fruits and Vegetables Group in Nirlungayuk’s materials is “1/2 cup berries or greens, or 60 to 90 grams of organ meats.” Nartok shows me an example of Arctic “greens”: cutout number 13, Caribou Stomach Contents. (pg 51)

 There's even stuff about saliva that's interesting:

“If you dribble something on your shirt while you’re eating,” I asked Grime, “does it make sense to dab it with saliva? As a kind of natural laundry presoak?” “That’s an interesting thought.” Dr. Grime carries a Tide stain pen. He does not use his own spit. Art conservators do. “We make cotton swabs on bamboo sticks and moisten the swab in our mouths,” says Andrea Chevalier, senior paintings conservator with the Intermuseum Conservation Association. Saliva is especially helpful for fragile surfaces that solvents or water would dissolve. In 1990, a team of Portuguese conservators pitted saliva against four commonly used nonanatomical cleaning solutions. Based on its ability to clean but not damage water-gilded gold leaf and low-fired painted clay surfaces, saliva “was judged the ‘best’ cleaner.” Denatured saliva, stripped of its enzymatic powers, was also tested and proved inferior to straight spit. (pg 100)

The section on competitive eating is fascinating. But what really caught me is the composition of flatulence. Roberto used to claim that I fart helium. Well, Roach does one better. Apparently we all fart hydrogen!

Like a Manure Pit Display, the human colon is a scaled-down version of a biowaste storage tank. It is an anaerobic environment, meaning it provides the oxygen-free living that methane-producing bacteria need to thrive. It is packed with fermentable creature waste. As they do in manure pits, bacteria break down the waste in order to live off it, creating gaseous by-products in the process. Most voluminously, bacteria make hydrogen. Their gas becomes your gas. Up to 80 percent of flatus is hydrogen. About a third of us also harbor bacteria that produce methane—a key component in the “natural gas” supplied by utility companies. (At least two-thirds of us harbor a belief that methane producers’ farts burn blue, like the pilot light on a gas stove. Sadly, a YouTube search unearthed no evidence.)

The last part of the book is a little gross. It discusses smugglers who use their body cavities to smuggle goods, and includes descriptions of people who died of overdose by swallowing insufficiently protected packages of cocaine. There's a section on animals (e.g. rabbits) eating their own output to extract maximum nutrition from their meals (one pass through those digestive systems isn't enough).

The book is great reading and comes recommended!

Review: Polar OH1+ Optical HRM

This year's Spanish tour highlighted that I really liked using the Garmin Fenix 5X as a head unit, but when it gets mounted on the bars, the unit makes up HR data. I supposed I could just ignore it, but the engineer in me hates collecting bad data. During the tour, I used the Garmin chest strap, but it had a few major problems, chiefest of which was that I simply didn't like wearing it. I browsed various reviews of optical HRM straps that can be worn on the upper arm, and the Polar OH1+ seemed the most useful for my situation, coming with a swim goggle adapter for swimming.

Out of the box for cycling, the device seems much more accurate than the chest strap or the built in Fenix 5X optical HR sensor, lending credence to DCRainmaker's claim that the most important factor in optical HRM accuracy is where you wear it. The better accuracy can be attributed to 2 things: (1) is that the strap is worn under a sleeve, which not only hides it in photos, but also shields it from sunlight, which helps accuracy. It also doesn't bounce like the Fenix would, which given its weight unsurprisingly gives inaccurate results. (Not that the much lighter Vivoactive HR was any better --- Arturo and I liked to call its HRM science fiction data generator)

The better performance over the chest strap is because at the start of a ride, I don't always remember to put liquid on the monitor for better electrical contact, so the HRM would spaz out at the start of a ride.

The sensor itself is a small disc that weighs 5g. The band is 14g, and the charger (which is also tiny and easy to lose) is 8g. This compares very favorably with the Garmin chest strap's 73g. The charger doubles as a usb sync device if you record your HR during a swim session.

I tried it twice while swimming. The first time, I saw blips in the HRM output that puzzled me.

I saw the dropouts and were puzzled. I thought it might have been user error (which happened the first time because I didn't realize how to verify that I had truly started a recording on the device --- look to see that the led blinks twice every 2s). The second time, I tried it again and with better monitoring, figured out what happened:

Every time I did a flip turn, I ran the chance of flipping the unit so that it faced away from my temple instead of monitoring it. At one point, the unit even fell off the goggles onto the floor of the pool, and luckily I saw it! What this means is that for swimming, the unit is strictly useful only for pool use where you have a chance to spot the missing unit and retrieve it. Don't try to snorkel or open water swim with it.

I tried a third time and shifted the unit forward on the goggle strap, and lo and behold, I finally got a clean run of data.

While the unit does pair with the Fenix 5X for swimming and will show you your heartbeat during rest periods between intervals, the Fenix does not maintain a connection with the unit during the workout proper and will not record HR. You have to use the polar app for that! This is disappointing but the swimming is a bit of a bonus anyway, as compared to using the unit for cycling, where it is lighter than its competitors and also a little cheaper.

All in all, I'm keeping the unit. It's useful enough when touring, and despite the glitches it is somewhat interesting to see how hard I'm working during my swim workouts, and is much more accurate than either of the devices it replicates the functionality of. Recommended.

Review: Liquid Rules

Liquid Rules is that rare book: written by a material scientist, it uses a transatlantic flight to motivate the discussion of various liquids and their interesting properties. It starts off with a discussion of the kerosene used to power the jet engine, meanders into the properties of soap (as well as a fascinating history of how marketing and a bacteria scare causes us to abandon bar soap for liquid soaps and body washes --- including a discussion of what makes detergent different from soap!), and discusses how ink in a ballpoint pen differs from the ink in a fountain pen.

It is filled with observations such as this awesome tidbit about the pre-flight safety briefing:

If you think about it, the safety briefing is the one global ritual that we all share, whatever our ethnicity, nationality, sex, or religion; we all take part in it before the kerosene is ignited and the plane takes off. The dangers that the briefing warns us of, such as landing on water, are so rare that even if you flew every day for a whole lifetime, you would be unlikely to ever experience them. So that’s not really the point of it. As in all rituals, coded language, a series of actions, and special props play their part. In religious rituals these props are often candles, incense burners, and chalices; in the preflight safety ritual they are oxygen masks, life jackets, and seat belts. The message of the preflight ritual is this: you are about to do something that is extremely dangerous, but engineers have made it almost completely safe. The “almost” is emphasized by all the elaborate actions involving the previously mentioned props. The ritual draws a line between your normal life, where you are in charge of your own safety, and your current one, in which you are ceding control to a set of people and their engineering systems as they harness one of the most awesomely powerful liquids on the planet to shoot you through the atmosphere to a destination of your choosing. In other words, you need to trust them absolutely; your life is in their hands. And so this ritual, performed before every flight, is really a trust ceremony. (Kindle Loc 355)

 I highly recommend this book. You'll learn something on every page, and it's written well!

Review: Demon

Demon is the last book in Varley's Gaea trilogy. It's a grand finale, with lots of action, set pieces, and a long intro that shows off how bad-ass Cirroco is. The problem with the series is that it was never more than science fantasy. We never do get insight as to how the Titans were created and evolved, and the takeover of the consciousness of Gaea was never explored in any form.

As a series it's very much worth reading, since the characters are interesting (as are the aliens such as the Titans), and the plot as a whole is satisfying. And unlike more modern series, the entire story just ends here, no 10-book epic.

Recommended.

Review: Columbia Montrail Outdry Running Shoes

Last year, Arturo got us a big discount visit to the Columbia Outlet store. I found a pair of Montrail Outdry shoes for a substantial discount and bought them. I should have bought more than a pair, that's how good they are.

I'll contrast them with the Salomon XA Pro 3D Waterproofs. Those are currently on sale at REI but they are crap. They claim to be waterproof, but even a little bit of water will soak right through the uppers and into your socks and then you'll have a squishy hike for the rest of your day.

By contrast, the Columbia Outdry actually works. I've walked into ankle-deep puddles, been caught in thunderstorms, and at no point did these shoes ever fail. If the inside got wet, it was always because my socks were wicking water down into the shoes. (Even the waterproof socks do that, since those are effectively two non-waterproof layers with a waterproof layer in between).

I should have bought more than just one pair of these shoes. As it is now, I wear the Salomons for unchallenging conditions, and save the Columbia for the toughest rainiest outings. How often do you ever see me regret not spending money? That means these shoes are highly recommended.

Review: TaoTronics True Wireless Ear Buds

My beloved LG Tone headset died recently after 3 years of hard use. It appears that the follow on units aren't of similar high quality, so I went looking for new headsets. The TaoTronics won the race because of a feature that I couldn't find anywhere else: the charging case for these ear buds also double as a battery bank for your other electronics!

The case with earbuds comes to 97g. The Anker 3350 mAh battery (same capacity as the earbuds charging case) comes in at 80g. So for 17g more you get a pair of wireless earbuds as well, which is a bargain any way you look at it, especially if you use the coupon code I found (which seems to have expired) to get them for $30 instead of the regular $46. Wireless earbuds are easy to lose, and also easy to damage (e.g., by getting them wet or dropping them), and these are IPX 67 certified, meaning that they're waterproof enough for rain.

The earbuds come with 8 different sized tips for customization, and are just a bit uncomfortable (not as nice as the Moto Hint+ I used to own). The charging case has two seats for the earbuds which are magnetized, so you can't screw up the positioning of the left and right, and even if you did, the charging indicators wouldn't flash, which would tell you that something is messed up. I was concerned that these would be a massive pain to take out and use while cycling, but in practice they weren't bad at all. Certainly the case means much less fumbling than say, the single-ear hook pieces seen in Premium Rush.

The sound quality is just good enough for gym use. The music is listenable, and audio books are just about this side of comprehensible while cycling with only one earbud in your ear. (Don't ride with both ears blocked!) For phone calls, the  response time between pulling it out and answering the call is so long that I've missed a few phone calls because of this, so now I just answer the phone with the handset and then if it's going to be a long call I pull the ear pieces out and plug them into my ears (the transition is fairly easy). For phone calls, it definitely is not as good as the Moto Hint was.

When touring, the most common use case for these is that you're riding around in circles trying to find where your AirBnB is and need to call the owner. These are good enough for that so you can listen to spoken directions over the phone while your host is directing you to their house. The second most common use case is as an emergency charger for your flashing front light, your radar tail light, or your phone. At 3350 mAh these won't charge anything quickly, but is great for topping up your battery lights during a playground stop, or keeping your phone from going dead while you frantically search for a hotel for the night.

There might be other true wireless ear buds with better sound quality, better microphones, etc., but the combination of price and features on this set means I won't bother with others. How long the batteries in the earpieces last is a different story --- I was forced to retire my Moto Hint+ not because the charging case went dead, but because the earpiece batteries could no longer survive a phone call longer than 15 minutes.

In any case, if you're a touring cyclist, get these. Recommended.

Review: Spark

Spark is John Ratey's book about exercise and how it impacts the brain. It's a pretty old book, but is still worth reading because there aren't actually that many books about how physical exertion affects how your brain works. John Medina's Brain Rules, for instance, mentions it as important, but not the physiological reasons your brain works better after exercise, and how much exercise is actually enough.

One of the repeated themes in this book is that the medical establishment used to think that exercise was bad for you. Even now, it's an uphill battle for physicians to prescribe exercise for patients. The book covers (in compelling form) a high school in Illinois which managed to reduce obesity to 3% of the student population while increasing student school performance in standardized tests by 14% through the introduction of a daily PE lesson. What distinguishes this book is that the PE lessons aren't the traditional PE classes, but highly focused on aerobic and cardio exercises that gets the kids moving all the time while in class. The classes even hand out HRMs to the students and issues grades by how hard the kid is pushing themselves! The author points out that traditional PE lessons focused on team sports (basketball, soccer, etc) are actually terrible for encouraging exercise: the kids who got picked last, for instance, get an immediate discouragement, and worse, many of these sports have a bunch of kids who are just sitting on the sidelines instead of actually getting physical exercise. So if you hated PE in school, it's because your teacher was just doing it wrong!

Then Ratey goes into the various mental disorders like depression, anxiety, addiction, and even PMS and aging, and talks about how exercise helps those disorders. (Note that he leaves out stuff that's truly degenerate, like Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, etc, though he does mention that exercise seems to retard the progress of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's) He further discusses how much exercise is needed (and once again reminds the reader that the National Guidelines are set deliberately low because the medical establishment is afraid that the real recommendations will scare most Americans away from even  starting to exercise, so 20 minutes a day isn't even close to the optimum dosage!), and how high intensity work differs from low intensity exercise. (Basically, the pituitary gland emits HGH, which reshapes the body --- the author describes how his final ounces of belly fat only disappeared after he added high intensity exercise to this regime)

This is an astonishingly good book, full of details about the various pathways through which exercise shapes your brain. You might get the impression that exercise solves all health problems, and you might not be far wrong. Maybe my frequent mantra (often said in jest) that "cycling solves all problems" isn't that far from the truth!

Review: Wizard

Wizard is the second book in the Gaea trilogy (mis-spelled on Amazon for whatever reason). I'd forgotten how good these books were, and these are certainly page turners. Not quite science fiction, not quite fantasy epic, there are quests assigned by a goddess, and then a motley group of people put together, all of whom have mixed motives.

When we encounter the continuing characters from the previous books, they're transformed beyond recognition,  but still recognizable. When the action starts you're drawn in and then after that it's world-building interspersed with plot unfolding.

Unfortunately, it suffers from the middle book syndrome: enough plot gets unfolded to get you going, but not enough gets resolved for you to feel satisfied. Nevertheless, it's exciting reading and well worth the effort. Recommended.

Review: Titan

I remember recommending Titan (and the follow-on books) to Arturo. It's been so may years since I read it that when I saw that it was $3 for the Kindle version I just grabbed it and started reading. Of course, the book just sucked me in.

It's basically an Alien Worlds/exploration story, but as I reached the end I was blown away by how Varley makes even more recently written science fiction look as though it was written by an uncreative scientific illiterate. There's plausible explanations for how come the alien creatures encountered bear even a passing resemblance to humans, and the characters are actually much better than the usual cookie-cutter stuff.

I thoroughly enjoyed my re-read of the book, and can recommend it to anyone. It does have sexual themes that make it not suitable bed-time reading for those with little kids however.

Review: The Orchid and the Dandelion

The Orchid and the Dandelion is a great counterpoint to The Highly Sensitive Child. On Amazon, the reviews of this book are not as good as the reviews to The Highly Sensitive Child. I can see why. The book is couched in academic, rhetorical language, and doesn't praise the Orchid-type children uniformly. This is important, because the author makes several important point that Dr. Aron (the author of The Highly Sensitive Child) never makes:

orchids and dandelions aren’t a binary division cutting humanity into two categories. The two flowers are powerful metaphors, or a vivid shorthand, for what is actually a spectrum. (Loc 3740)

Furthermore, there's intriguing information in this book, indicating that it might be possible to physically figure out whether your child is an Orchid or Dandelion by measuring temperature differences between left and right earlobe. This sort of identification work is very useful.

The book identifies a lot of importance about teachers:

while some teachers were exploiting the children’s social hierarchies as a means of controlling child and group behavior, others were explicitly attempting to minimize the visibility and potency of the hierarchy by employing more child-centered, egalitarian teaching approaches. Some teachers, for example, might quell a disagreement by taking a dominant child’s side or might avoid a conflict or disappointment by allowing certain kids to be marginalized or excluded. Others, by comparison, seemed to consciously employ techniques and strategies for undermining or challenging their students’ hierarchical order. This could occur if the teacher publicly noted a subordinate child’s special artistic or intellectual or athletic gift, or banned exclusionary social behavior, establishing a classroom policy in which “you can’t say, ‘you can’t play.’ ” (Loc 2611)

What's even better is that Boyce debunks Quality time as something of a myth:

I would like to debunk what has become enshrined as an almost holy artifact in the mythology of contemporary life. Quality time is simply a cultural myth. There is no such thing and never has been. So we should not count on it happening and should not try to create it. The reality is that the very best of moments with our children come at unplanned, unexpected times—during the car ride to a Saturday morning soccer game, in the middle of an otherwise uneventful bathing of a toddler, or while scrambling to get breakfast and the kids off to school. Try as we might to orchestrate such times, the closest, most cherished moments with our children come during intervals when they are least expected. Such moments cannot be arranged or planned. They simply surface out of the normal, monotonous flow of daily life, when sufficient ordinary time has been passed between parent and child. It is during such ordinary time that these moments of extraordinary communication and intimacy can occur. (Loc 2801)

So forget the Orchid/Dandelion distinction. You just need to spend more time with your children. You probably already knew that, but the book is full of stuff that reminds you to be a good parent. For that, it's well worth reading, despite the archaic and rhetorical language. I recommend this book over The Highly Sensitive Child, and I recommend this book for anyone who needs another parenting reminder.

 

Review: Magicians Season 3

Continuing on from Magicians Season 2, Season 3 focuses on the restoration of magic. In the mean time, we get various subplots involving fairies, subquests, how rulers are determined in Filory, and timeline jumping, all of which could have served to make the season unwatchable and confusing but the writers somehow managed to avoid all the traps.

Some of the plots of the episode are quite annoying, including one that might as well have been a “It was all a dream” story.  For the most part, however, the execution of each story is well done, including an episode that ended with “Under Pressure” performed by the cast.

Everything comes to a head at the end of the season, with multiple members of the story (all of whom have been working as a team for the most part) all running their own plots. Ultimately, the season ends with a cliffhanger that leaves as many questions as it answers but is still more exciting than the books the series is based on. I’ll look forward to picking up the next season to see if the level of writing and plot execution continues to be superb.

Post Tour Review: ResMed Air Mini

This was the first bike tour using the ResMed AirMini. As noted previously, I bought this mostly for the weight, and while I was doing point to point touring this year carrying my own luggage, I still had to fit the luggage within the weight limits of a cheap flight.

My biggest concern about the device was the noise, and I have to say that it was great. The device was as quiet as the big machine from the perspective of Mike, who had to share the room with me. Furthermore, the auto-on/auto-off feature meant that if the mask bothered me (which wasn't frequent), if I took it off I didn't have to go hunting for the button to turn off the machine.

The humidifier wasn't quite enough for Mallorca, but was too much for a camping trip in California during a humid period in Spring, resulting in a wet nasal pillow in the morning. I'm guessing that you would need the HumidX plus for Mallorca and California when it's dry, but otherwise the rest of the time you should be ok with just the regular Humid X.

The app was great, eliminating the need for a display on the unit, and also the need to download data to the computer. I did wish it output something to SleepyHead, but I'm guessing that's not going to happen any time soon.

Once in a while I think I should buy a backup for my 7 year old ResMed S9 (which I still like better than the S10), but this experience has taught me that the AirMini is more than an adequate backup device. I'd be happy to use it long term if I had to, and stop hunting around for distilled water. Highly recommended.

Review: Mpow Foam Ear plugs

I usually bring ear plugs when I travel. There was a time when I'd carry them to hand to people I'd be sharing a cabin or tent with, since as a Sleep Apnea sufferer, I snore'd like crazy. Now my CPAP machine solves my snoring, but I carry them anyway in case the hotel room is noisy.

To my surprise, the quietest hotel room we had this time was the Hotel SM Sant Antoni in Barcelona. By far the nosiest was Hotel Ultonia, right next to a major throughfare. We used the Mpow Foam Ear Plugs to sleep every night and it worked great. For $10, you get 60 ear plugs and a hard metal carrying case. The ear plugs are just right, fit nicely in ear, and for my ears I had to replace them once every week or so. Mike needed to replace his every 5 days or so.

Recommended!

Review: Utopia for Realists

Utopia For Realists is a book about how to make a better world for people who are not in the top 1%. It is a radical book of policy proposals that are backed by research and data, which ought to be convincing. Bregman is apparently well known as the Universal Basic Income man, and not surprisingly, the book is at its very best when discussing the topic:

Liberia, an experiment was conducted to see what would happen if you give $200 to the shiftiest of the poor. Alcoholics, addicts, and petty criminals were rounded up from the slums. Three years later, what had they spent the money on? Food, clothing, medicine, and small businesses. “If these men didn’t throw away free money,” one of the researchers wondered, “who would?” Yet the “lazy poor people” argument is trotted out time and again. The very persistence of this view has compelled scientists to investigate whether it’s true. Just a few years ago, the prestigious medical journal the Lancet summed up their findings: When the poor receive no-strings cash they actually tend to work harder. (Kindle Loc 360)

And argument that it's too expensive to do this:

 Eradicating poverty in the U.S. would cost only $175 billion, less than 1% of GDP.48 That’s roughly a quarter of U.S. military spending. Winning the war on poverty would be a bargain compared to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, which a Harvard study estimated have cost us a staggering $4–$6 trillion. As a matter of fact, all the world’s developed countries had it within their means to wipe out poverty years ago. (Kindle Loc. 485)

When reading this book I've had to re-examine how I thought about society problems. In the past, I've always thought that drug addiction, etc., is a result of unalterable circumstances with no good policy solutions. The thought that the policy prescription that's most effective, efficient, and direct is so easy (those in poverty don't have money, just give them money) and even better, socially beneficial is radical, and worth pursuing:

 A British study discovered that the costs of poverty among children in England top £29 billion ($44 billion) a year.12 According to the researchers, a policy to eliminate poverty “could largely pay for itself.”13 In the U.S., where more than one in five children grow up poor, countless studies have already shown that anti-poverty measures actually work as a cost-cutting instrument.14 Greg Duncan, a professor at the University of California, calculated that lifting an American family out of poverty takes an average of about $4,500 annually–less than the Cherokee casino payouts. In the end, the return on this investment, per child, would be: 12.5% more hours worked $3,000 annual savings on welfare $50,000–$100,000 additional lifetime earnings $10,000–$20,000 additional state tax revenues Professor Duncan concluded that combating poverty “pays for itself by the time the poor children have reached middle age.” (Loc 636)

When I think about what how little with done to combat poverty over the last few years, I think by far the most pernicious problem with the conservative ideology are exemplified by attitudes like the ones expressed in this Quora answer:

What is the politically conservative answer to child poverty?

Obinna Onwuchekwa, Libertarianish conservative

Answered Apr 18

People should only have kids they can afford.

You have to be extremely hard-hearted, not to mention without a sense of social justice to have constructed an answer like this. Even if you believed that the parents of children born into poverty do not have a right to escape poverty because they made dumb decisions, that children who themselves were born into that poverty did not choose to be born, and the permanently penalize them or turn them into an under-class by denying them the necessary conditions for an optimal upbringing (which includes having parents that are not economically stressed all the time and hence can provide quality care!) is in the long run not a very smart thing to do. Some of those kids might have the potential to contribute greatly to society, and our current polices simply do not allow them to live up to their potential, and in some cases (as discussed in the previous quote) might turn them into negative elements in society.

Once you leave the subject of universal basic income, the book is still full of great titbits and I found myself highlighting passage after passage.

Whereas couples worked a combined total of five to six days a week in the 1950s, nowadays it’s closer to seven or eight. At the same time, parenting has become a much more time-intensive job. Research suggests that across national boundaries, parents are dedicating substantially more time to their children.21 In the U.S., working mothers actually spend more time with their kids today than stay-at-home moms did in the 1970s.22 Even citizens of the Netherlands–the nation with the shortest workweek in the world–have felt the steadily increasing weight of work, overtime, care tasks, and education since the 1980s. In 1985 these activities were taking up 43.6 hours a week; by 2005, 48.6 hours.23 Three-quarters of the Dutch workforce is feeling overburdened by time pressures, a quarter habitually works overtime, and one in eight is suffering the symptoms of burnout.2 (Loc 1368)

 Ironically, medieval people were probably closer to achieving the contented idleness of the Land of Plenty than we are today. Around 1300, the calendar was still packed with holidays and feasts. Harvard historian and economist Juliet Schor has estimated that holidays accounted for no less than one-third of the year. In Spain, the share was an astounding five months, and in France, nearly six. Most peasants didn’t work any harder than necessary for their living. “The tempo of life was slow,” Schor writes. “Our ancestors may not have been rich, but they had an abundance of leisure.”29 (Loc 1394)

 A study conducted at Harvard found that Reagan-era tax cuts sparked a mass career switch among the country’s brightest minds, from teachers and engineers to bankers and accountants. Whereas in 1970 twice as many male Harvard grads were still opting for a life devoted to research over banking, twenty years later the balance had flipped, with one and a half times as many alumni employed in finance. (Loc 1704)

 There's a great section on "RCTs" (randomized controlled trials) to determine which interventions in the developing world are most likely to add economic value. It's great stuff and worth reading:

Thanks to RCTs, however, we know that $100 worth of free meals translates into an additional 2.8 years of educational attainment–three times as much as free uniforms. Speaking of proven impact, deworming children with intestinal complaints has been shown to yield 2.9 years of additional schooling for the absurdly small investment of $10 worth of treatment. No armchair philosopher could have predicted that, but since this finding was revealed, tens of millions of children have been dewormed. (Loc 2107)

There's a very salient observation in the book where Bregman says that the best paying jobs in the world are the parasitic ones: investment bankers, financial advisors, mergers and acquisition folks, analysts, ad-tech engineers, etc. We're spending the smarts of those people by having them prey on the foibles of human nature and human society. The worst paying jobs are the really important ones where you make a positive difference to real people day after day (teachers, etc). It's as though we're managing society by saying: "You get to have a real job where you make a difference to people's lives positively. You expect to get paid well too? No way!" That observation touched me deeply.

 I'd say the weakest part of the book is the prescription about immigration. (Bregman claims that open borders would work) There's simply not as much detail there supporting his argument (certainly, no RCT here!) and I'm not sure he's worked through the political challenges there and how one would go about the approach he wants to take here (for instance, he says obviously you can't just open all doors everywhere right away, but doesn't say how you would stage it). But even here, he won so much credibility with me that I found myself wondering if there's some argument he's made in that very short chapter that I'm missing.

The book ends with both a call to action and an indictment of the Clinton model of neo-liberalism, and a plea to both leaders, voters, and people of action to drop the incrementalism and "working within the system" and go back to the radicalism that's won so many victories in the past, such as the demand for voting rights for women, the elimination of slavery, and of course, the 5 day work week:

Historically, Politics was the preserve of the left. Be realistic, demand the impossible! rang the rallying cry of the Paris demonstrators in 1968. The end of slavery, the emancipation of women, the rise of the welfare state–all were progressive ideas that started out as crazy and “irrational” but were ultimately accepted as basic common sense. These days, however, the left seems to have forgotten the art of Politics. Worse, many left-wing thinkers and politicians attempt to quell radical sentiments among their own rank and file in their terror of losing votes. This attitude is one I’ve begun to think of in recent years as the phenomenon of “underdog socialism.” (Loc 2532)

 If you've been a progressive voter for the past 20 years or so, it's hard not to get depressed about how little progress has actually been made towards policy goals that get people excited. This book brings hope that perhaps there are policy options that are radical, yet realistic and effective that the progressive movement has yet to adopt. The book has certainly changed my mind about the effectiveness of cash handouts for poverty reduction, and just that alone makes it worth the read.

Highly recommended!

Review: Pilot-24 Lite CPAP Battery Bundle

I've spent way too many years carrying around a big heavy lithium ion batteries. For my recent ResMed AirMini, I decided that I'd upgrade to a later model and see whether it makes a big difference compared to what my older HMD Z1 could do.

The Pilot-24 weighs 567g. With the Airmini adapter cable (24g), that's a total of 591g. The HDM off-grid power pack (shell + battery) comes in about 100g lighter at 490g. But the HDM Z1 battery could only get me 4 hours per night for 2 nights, while the Pilot-24 happily gave me 7 hours of therapy a night for 2 nights, so the additional 100g is justified. (In addition, the Resmed AirMini is a much quieter machine than that HDM Z1!)

The biggest issue with the Pilot is that the charger requires a heavy duty charger to charge fast. The official pilot-24 charger (24V@3.75A) weighs 376g. You could just carry the charging cable for the Airmini, but at 20W, it's going to take 5 hours to charge the battery, which isn't acceptable on a sailing trip.

For backcountry camping, the entire package (ResMed AirMini + nasal pillow + pilot 24 + adapter) comes in at 1242g, or 10g lighter than the HDM Z1 equivalent, while giving more hours of therapy. I'd venture to say that the combination is a significant upgrade over the HDMZ1 and well worth considering.

Recommended.

Post Tour Review: Garmin Varia RTL510

When I first bought my Garmin Varia Radar, it was meant to be a safety feature. Being able to get notified on a lonely mountain descent when the wind is generating too much noise for me to hear an over-taking car could save me a ton of stress, I figured.

The Mallorca and Girona bike tour with Mike showed me that the Varia RTL510 was also a touring tool par excellence. We would frequently ride on lonely roads where when traffic showed up, it would be fast since those same roads would enable fast drivers to drive even faster. Those same gorgeous country roads would tempt me into shooting pictures of Mike with the accompanying scenery. (While you can stop and pose and reshoot pictures, that so disrupts the flow of touring by bike that I never do it!)

Well, when is it safe to do so? I relied on my Garmin radar to warn me. If it was clear, I could ride out in the middle of the lane and shoot.

 I normally don't bother with selfies, because the positioning of the camera and concentration needed while riding was even worse than shooting a picture of somebody else. With the RTL-510 warning me of any approaching traffic I shot more selfies.

One interesting thing I've noticed about the RTL-510 is that it doesn't actually know that the object coming up behind you is a car. All it cares about is speed differential. Which is what you want: another cyclist or motorcycle coming up at you at speed is just as dangerous as a car. But it does mean that when you're climbing sometimes that beep is your companion catching up to you, not a car or something dangerous. None of the false positives have been an issue.

If you tour and shoot while riding, the RTL-510 is an essential touring tool. Those of you using other ecosystems should switch just for RTL-510 compatibility. For me at least, Garmin has won it all. Between the new Garmin Connect app's ability to create routes on the smartphone and the excellent head units (watches) and radar, I see no reason to consider any other ecosystem. They've shown how a big company can acquire and maintain an insurmountable lead over less well-funded startups and up-starts (even those with lots of experience in this field like Sunnto, Polar, etc).

Highly recommended. Don't talk to me about your spanking new head unit if it doesn't support the Garmin radar!

Garmin Fenix 5X Post Tour Review

This was my first bike tour with the Garmin Fenix 5X and it came through with flying colors, despite my failing to properly load Spanish maps into the device prior to the trip! At least part of the credit belongs to an app upgrade that occurred in the middle of the trip!

During the trip, Garmin upgraded Garmin Connect so you could now create a route on the smartphone and sync it directly to the watch, with no wires required. The route creation isn't the smoothest thing in the world (no undo button!), and it's a bit clunky (you're not tapping on roads, but sliding the map under a dot to indicate the next waypoint), but it's way better than trying to use say, RideWithGPS on a phone (and yes, I asked for the feature for the app a year ago, but RideWithGPS keeps thinking that people want the app to record a ride --- not me!), and even better, it uses Garmin's "Popularity Routing" feature, which should improve over time. (You have to be careful --- people like me would prefer climbing and scenery over flat route, and judging from how Garmin likes to route, most people don't have that preference!) I guess RideWithGPS has now lost me as a potential paying customer because this is more than good enough.

Sendpoints is an essential app when touring. I highly recommend that you install it on your Fenix. It lets you send an address to the phone without typing or creating a course, and use the onboard routing engine to get you there. (That one doesn't do popularity routing)  The big penalty is that unless you had the forethought to preload the locations you want, you'd have to stop your activity to run sendpoints in order to load the new location. So this might force you to break your ride in two. I don't expect this to be a problem (I don't particularly care about splitting tracks in Strava) My habit is tour book at the last minute when I know where we want to stay, so this would force me to stop the day's track after booking the hotel in order to use the device to navigate there.

The biggest issue is HRM. With the Vivoactive I never cared enough about the data to put the device on the bars. But for navigation, I wanted the Fenix 5X to be on the handlebars, and when you do that you obviously lose the HRM. Even worse, the HRM will just make up values by default instead of reporting no HRM. You'd have to manually turn off the HRM, which is too  much of a pain to do, since you'd just forget to turn it back on again when the ride's over. For touring, it's no big deal, and a minor glitch on what is otherwise an excellent product.

Amazon sells Refurbished units that come with a full warranty, and they're every bit as good as new units. I'd watch the price and when it drops below $400 I'd jump on the 5X. I thought when I first bought this unit I might end up with a bigger display for touring. Nope. This is as good as I need it, and I'd recommend this to any bicycle tourist with good enough vision. You won't regret it.